Vocal translation is an old art, but the interpreting feeling, skill and craft have expanded into a relatively new area in translation studies. Vocal translation is the translation of the poetic discourse in the hybrid art of the musicopoetic forms, shapes and skills. This symbiotic construct harmonizes together the conflicting roles of music and language in face-to-face signing performances. The artist sings in an accurate but free flow, but in a language different from the original lyrics. Vocal translation is a living-together community of composer and poet and translator; they work together - though separate in time and place - through the structure and meaning of the vocalized verbal language. The meaning of the songs is influenced by the elements of musical expression: melody, impulse, pitch, duration, loudness, timbre and dynamics, each of which is governed by its own rules and emotions. The essays in this volume provide interpretive models for the juxtaposition of different orders of the singing sign-events in different languages, extending the meaning and range of the musical and literary concepts, and putting the mixed signs to a true-and-false test.