In this article, the author discusses Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory and contrasts the view of Even-Zohar on the translation situation in Israel and Lawrence Venuti’s view on translation in the United States to his own view on translation in China. While Venuti sees a domestic strategy of translation in the United States and Even-Zohar notices that the prevailing norm of translation is foreignisation-oriented in Israel, things are more complicated in China. In the history of Chinese culture, there are four translation booms, accompanied by four turning points, which all have their own translation strategies and norms.