The aim of this book is, above all, to make clear the importance of an awareness of rhetoric in Translation Studies, and of reestablishing rhetoric in philology. Translation, rhetoric and literature, or textual production, were already interconnected activities at the time when Rome conquered Greece and when Rome was, in turn, conquered by Greece culturally. Looking at the past, the concepts of literature and translation were confusing and they often designated the same rhetorical exercise or activity, i.e. rewrite or interpret what you had read in another language (or in several). Ultimately, the goal was to recreate.