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Part of
Innovation and Expansion in Translation Process Research
Edited by Isabel Lacruz and Riitta Jääskeläinen
[American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series XVIII] 2018
► pp. 161–190

Chapter 8
The history and promise of machine translation

This work examines the history of machine translation (MT), from its intellectual roots in the 17th century search for universal language through its practical realization in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. We survey the major MT paradigms, including transfer-based, interlingua, and statistical approaches. We examine the current state of human-machine partnership in translation, and consider the substantial, yet largely unfulfilled, promise that MT technology has for human translation professionals.
Keywords: computer-aided translation, corpus-based, history of MT, human-machine, interlingua, machine translation, MT paradigms, phrase-based, post-editing, statistical MT, rule-based
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The road to machine translation
    • 2.1The search for universal language
    • 2.2Mechanical translating devices before 1940
    • 2.3 Warren Weaver’s 1949 memorandum
  • 3.The first wave: A decade of optimism
    • 3.1 Bar-Hillel’s 1951 survey
    • 3.2The first MT conference
    • 3.3A decade of optimism
    • 3.4The first wave crashes
  • 4.Survey of machine translation paradigms
    • 4.1Rule-based approaches
      • 4.1.1Direct transfer
      • 4.1.2Analysis-transfer-generation
      • 4.1.3Interlingua
    • 4.2 Corpus-based approaches
      • 4.2.1The cryptographic metaphor
      • 4.2.2Example-based MT
      • 4.2.3Word-based statistical MT
      • 4.2.4Phrase-based SMT
      • 4.2.5Syntactic SMT
      • 4.2.6Current trends in SMT
  • 5.Human-machine partnerships
    • 5.1MT and lay end-users
    • 5.2 MT and subject matter experts
    • 5.3MT and professional end-users
      • 5.3.1Machine-centric translation
      • 5.3.2Human-centric translation
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 1 February 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ata.18.08sch
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