Chapter 10
Posthumanism and the city
The construction of identity and ideological conflict in discourses regarding the new technological self
In this paper, I discuss the underlying ideological conflict behind the concept of the “Smart City.” Sometimes naively praised and embraced as a great technological achievement, the Smart City is a very controversial concept, particularly if we interpret it within the context of posthumanist thinking, which discusses the ways in which technology may forever alter our daily lives, our bodies, our minds and, in the end, the whole identity of human beings.
Within the theoretical and analytical framework the constructivist rhetoric offers, my main goal in the paper will be a reflection on the discursive setting of both posthumanism and the Smart City, along with the analysis of a corpus of political discourses describing the “smart” concept regarding the city of Barcelona.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Theoretical background: Constructivist rhetoric
- 3.Transhumanism and posthumanism: Definitions and ideological conflict
- 3.1Human identity: Man’s doing against Mother Nature
- 3.2The abyss between mind and body
- 3.3Power and technological inequality
-
4.Posthumanism and the concept of “Smart City”
- 5.Barcelona, a Smart City?
- 6.Conclusions
-
Note
-
References
References (73)
References
Albaladejo, Tomás. 2008. “Textualidad y comunicación: persistencia y renovación del sistema retórico (La rhetorica recepta como base de la retórica moderna).” Rhêtorikê: Revista Digital de Retórica 0: 1–19. ([URL]).
Amartin-Serin, Annie. 1996. La Création Defiée. L’homme Fabrique dans la Littérature. Paris: PUF.
Austin, John L. 1962. Cómo Hacer Cosas con Palabras. Barcelona: Paidós 1982.
Ballesteros Llompart, Jesús. 2012. “Más allá de la eugenesia: el posthumanismo como negación del homo patients
.” Cuadernos de Bioética, XXIII: 15–23. ([URL]).
Barcelona en Comú. 2015. “Programa electoral municipals 2015.” [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Billig, Michael. 1991. Ideology and Opinions. Studies in Rhetorical Psychology. London: Sage.
Bostrom, Nick. 2005. “In Defence of Posthuman Dignity.” Bioethics (19) 3: 202–214. ([URL]).
Bou, Enric. 2013. La Invenciò de l’Espai. Ciutat i Viatge. Valencia: PUV.
Brunel, Pierre (ed.). 1999. L’Homme Artificiel. Paris: DIDIER-CNED.
Capra, Fritjof. 1996. La Trama de la Vida. Una Nueva Perspectiva de los Sistemas Vivos. Barcelona: Anagrama.
Colado, Sergio, Gutiérrez, Abelardo, Vives, Carlos J. and Valencia, Eduardo. 2015. Smart City. Hacia la Gestión Inteligente. Barcelona: Marcombo.
Colau, Ada. 2015. “De lo primero que haré será convocar a la banca.” La Vanguardia. Meritxell M. Pauné. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Colom, Agustí. 2015. “La ‘smart city’ baja al suelo.” El Periódico. Barcelona. Carmen Jané. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Damasio, António. 2010. Y el Cerebro Creó al Hombre. Barcelona: Destino.
De Cillia, Rudolf, Reisigl, Martin and Wodak, Ruth. 1999. “The Discursive Construction of National Identities.” Discourse & Society 10 (2): 149–173. ([URL]).
Delgado, Manuel. 2015. El Espacio Público como Ideología. Madrid: Catarata.
Dreyfus, Hubert L. 1992. What Computers Still Can’t Do. A Critique of Artificial Reason. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Erroteta, Peru. 2015. “La estafa inteligente de la Barcelona de Trias.” El Triangle. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Fish, Stanley. 1992. Práctica sin Teoría: Retórica y Cambio en la Vida Institucional. Barcelona: Destino.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2002. Our Posthuman Future. Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Picador.
Gadamer, Hans Georg. 1960. Verdad y Método I. Salamanca: Sígueme 2003.
Garnier, Jean Pierre. 2006. Contra los Territorios del Poder. Por un Espacio Público de Debates y… de Combates. Barcelona: Virus editorial.
Graham, Elaine L. 2002. Representations of the Post/Human. Monsters, Aliens and Others in Popular Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Halberstam, Judith and Livingston, Ira. 1995. “Introduction: Posthuman Bodies.” In Posthuman Bodies, ed. by Judith Halberstam and Ira Livingston, 1–20. Bloomington – Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Haraway, Donna J. 1991. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women. The Reinvention of Nature. London: Free Association Books.
Hayles, N. Katherine. 1999. How we Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Herbrechter, Stefan. 2013. Posthumanism. A Critical Analysis. London – New York: Bloomsbury.
Hughes, James. 2004. Citizen Cyborg. Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future. Boulder, Co: Westview Press.
Kass, Leon R. 2003. “Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Perfection.” The New Atlantis. A Journal of Technology and Society, spring number. ([URL]).
Kurzweil, Ray. 2000. The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence. New York: Penguin Books.
Laclau, Ernesto and Mouffe, Chantal. 1985. Hegemonía y Estrategia Socialista. Hacia una Radicalización de la Democracia. Barcelona: Siglo XXI 1987.
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, George. 1996. Moral Politics. How Liberals and Conservatives Think. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2002.
Lakoff, George. 2004. No Pienses en un Elefante: Lenguaje y Debate Político. Madrid: Editorial Complutense 2007.
Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark. 1980. Metaphors We Live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lausberg, Henri. 1960. Manual de Retórica Literaria. 3 vols. Madrid: Gredos 1975.
Mansilla, José. 2015. “Algo va mal con las smart cities
.” Diagonal. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Maturana, Humberto and Varela, Francisco. 1998. The Tree of Knowledge. The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala.
Menzel, Peter and d’Aluisio, Faith. 2000. Robo Sapiens. Evolution of a New Species. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Molpeceres, Sara. 2011. “La imagen del político como líder. Su construcción retórica a través del discurso y su efecto persuasivo.” In Entre Olózaga y Sagasta. Retórica, Prensa y Poder, ed. by José Antonio Caballero López, José Miguel Delgado Idarreta and Cristina Sáenz de Pipaón Ibáñez, 155–164. Logroño: Instituto de Estudios Riojanos.
Molpeceres, Sara. 2014. Mito Literario y Mito Persuasivo. Bases para un Análisis Retórico-mítico del Discurso. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid.
Montesano Montessori, Nicolina and Morales-López, Esperanza. 2015. “Multimodal Narrative as an Instrument for Social Change: Reinventing Democracy in Spain- the case of 15M.” CADAAD. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines, 7 (2): 200–221. ([URL]).
Morin, Edgar. 1990. Introducción al Pensamiento Complejo. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Pentland, Alex. 2012. “Reinventing Society in the Wake of Big Data. A Conversation with Alex (Sandy) Pentland.” Edge.org. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Pentland, Alex. 2013. “How, Exactly, Is Big Data Going to Change the World? M.I.T. computer scientist Alex Pentland explains.” Scientific American. Seth Fletcher. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Perelman, Chaim and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Lucie. 1958. Tratado de la Argumentación. La Nueva Retórica. Madrid: Gredos 1989.
Pisarello, Gerardo. 2015. “Barcelona En Comú presenta su plan para hacer una ciudad ‘más justa, más humana y más democrática’.” Eldiario.es. Arturo Puente. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Pracontal, Michel de. 2002. L’Homme Artificiel. Golems, Robots, Clones, Cyborgs. Paris: Denoël.
Pujante, David. 2003. Manual de Retórica. Madrid: Castalia.
Pujante, David. 2016. “Constructivist Rhetoric within the Tradition of Rhetorical Studies in Spain.” Res Rhetorica 1/2016: 30–49.
Ramsbothan, Oliver, Woodhouse, Tom and Miall, Hugh. 2011. Contemporary Conflict Resolution. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ricoeur, Paul. 1969. Le Conflit des Interprétations. Essais d’Herméneutique. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Rifkin, Jeremy. 2014. La Sociedad de Coste Marginal Cero. El Internet de las Cosas, el Procomún Colaborativo y el Eclipse del Capitalismo. Barcelona: Paidós.
Rorty, Richard. 1983. La Filosofía y el Espejo de la Naturaleza. Madrid: Cátedra.
Schäffner, Christina and Wenden, Anita L. 2004. “Introduction.” In Language and Peace, ed. by Christina Schäffner and Anita L. Wenden, XV–XXV. London/New York: Routledge.
Schöpflin, George. 1997. “The Function of Myth and Taxonomy of Myths.” In Myths and Nationhood, ed. by Geoffrey Hosking and George Schöplflin, 19–35. New York: Routledge.
Searle, John R. 1969. Speech Acts: an Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990.
Somers, Margaret. 1994. “The Narrative Constitution of Identity: A Relational and Network Approach.” Theory and Society 23: 605–649.
The Invisible Committee. 2015. “Fuck off, Google!” [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Tiqqun. 2015. La Hipótesis Cibernética. Madrid: Acuarela & A. Machado.
Trias, Xavier. 2011. “Barcelona tendrá un Smart City Campus para definir las ciudades inteligentes del futuro.” La Vanguardia. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
Trias, Xavier. 2015a. “Ciudad inteligente, la tecnología al servicio de las personas.” In ¿Humanos o Posthumanos? Singularidad Tecnológica y Mejoramiento Humano, ed. by Albert Cortina and Miquel-Àngel Serra, 318–319. Barcelona: Fragmenta Editorial.
Trias, Xavier. 2015b. “Xavier Trias exigeix que el govern d’Ada Colau accepti mantenir el lideratge public en el sector de les Smart Cities”. CiU Barcelona. Grup Municipal de CiU a l’Ajuntament de Barcelona Webpage. [URL]. Accessed March 25, 2016.
van Dijk, Teun A. 2004a. “Discourse, Ideology and Context.” In Caminos de la Semiótica en la Última Década del Siglo XX, ed. by David Pujante, 47–77. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid and Centro Buendía.
van Dijk, Teun A. 2004b. “Discourse Analysis as Ideology Analysis.” In Language and Peace, ed. by Christina Schäffner and Anita L. Wenden, 17–33. London: Routledge.
van Eemeren, Frans H. and Grootendorst, Rob. 2004. A Systematic Theory of Argumentation. The Pragma-dialectical Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vidal Tejedor, Narcís. 2015. La Smart City. Barcelona: UOC.
Wagner, Wolfgang and Hayes, Nicky. 2011. El Discurso de lo Cotidiano y el Sentido Común. La Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Barcelona: Anthropos.
White, Hayden. 2003. El Texto Histórico como Artefacto Literario. Barcelona: Paidós.
Wilson, Eric G. 2006. The Melancholy Android: on the Psychology of Sacred Machines. New York: State University of New York Press.
Wodak, Ruth. 2014/2015. “The Discursive Construction of Strangers: Analysing Discourses about Migrants and Migration from a Discourse-historical Perspective.” Migration and Citizenship 3 (1), winter: 6–10.
Žižek, Slavoj. 2012. Organs without Bodies. London: Routledge.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.