This article argues that the external history of South African English (SAfE) points towards the merits of conceptualizing SAfE as the product of a three-stage koinéization process, the last stage of which takes place contemporaneously with the establishment of Johannesburg. This is at odds with the standard position, which views SAfE as an early-to-mid 19th-century variety with its characteristic features having been fixed during the earlier colonization of the Cape and Natal. This reconceptualization is, in turn, usefully employed to solve Trudgill’s (2004) so-called “South African puzzle’’: in essence, the postulation of SAfE as a late 19th-century English explains why START-Backing has occurred in SAfE but not in the closely related Australasian varieties.
2019. Documenting Feature Pools in Language Expansion Situations: Sibilants in Early Colonial Latin American Spanish. Transactions of the Philological Society 117:2 ► pp. 199 ff.
Botha, Werner, Bertus van Rooy & Susan Coetzee‐van Rooy
2021. South African Englishes: A contemporary bibliography. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 136 ff.
Botha, Werner, Bertus van Rooy & Susan Coetzee‐Van Rooy
2021. Researching South African Englishes. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 2 ff.
Chevalier, Alida
2019. Internal Push, External Pull: The Reverse Short Front Vowel Shift in South African English. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 151 ff.
Schneider, Edgar W.
2019. South Africa in the Linguistic Modeling of World Englishes. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 16 ff.
Wasserman, Ronel
2019. The Historical Development of South African English: Semantic Features. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 52 ff.
Hickey, Raymond
2017. Analysing Early Audio Recordings. In Listening to the Past, ► pp. 1 ff.
Hickey, Raymond
2019. English in South Africa: Contact and Change. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 3 ff.
Bekker, Ian & Bertus van Rooy
2015. The Pronunciation of English in South Africa. In The Handbook of English Pronunciation, ► pp. 286 ff.
Mesthrie, Rajend, Alida Chevalier & Timothy Dunne
2015. A Regional and Social Dialectology of the BATH Vowel in South African English. Language Variation and Change 27:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
2019. English in Africa. In The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 210 ff.
van Rooy, Bertus
2021. Grammatical change in South African Englishes. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 24 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2013. The Formation of South African English. English Today 29:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2017. Earlier South African English. In Listening to the Past, ► pp. 464 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2019. South African English, the Dynamic Model and the Challenge of Afrikaans Influence. In English in Multilingual South Africa, ► pp. 30 ff.
Bekker, Ian
2021. Literary reflections of early postcolonial English in South Africa. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 38 ff.
[no author supplied]
2013. Reference Guide for Varieties of English. In A Dictionary of Varieties of English, ► pp. 363 ff.
[no author supplied]
2023. References. In Sounds of English Worldwide, ► pp. 354 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 15 november 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.