Article published In:
English World-WideVol. 37:2 (2016) ► pp.109–137
Around the world in three alternations
Modeling syntactic variation in varieties of English
We sketch a project that marries probabilistic grammar research to scholarship on World Englishes, thus synthesizing two previously rather disjoint lines of research into one unifying project with a coherent focus. This synthesis is hoped to advance usage-based theoretical linguistics by adopting a large-scale comparative and sociolinguistically responsible perspective on grammatical variation. To highlight the descriptive and theoretical benefits of the approach, we present case studies of three syntactic alternations (the particle placement, genitive, and dative alternations) in four varieties of English (British, Canadian, Indian, and Singapore), as represented in the International Corpus of English. We report that the varieties studied share a core probabilistic grammar which is, however, subject to indigenization at various degrees of subtlety, depending on the abstractness of the syntactic patterns studied.
References (48)
Adger, David, and Graeme Trousdale. 2007. “Variation in English Syntax: Theoretical Implications”. English Language and Linguistics 111: 261–278. 
Baayen, R. Harald, Anna Endresen, Laura A. Janda, Anastasia Makarova, and Tore Nesset. 2013. “Making Choices in Russian: Pros and Cons of Statistical Methods for Rival Forms”. Russian Linguistics 371: 253–291.
Behagel, Otto. 1909. “Beziehungen zwischen Umfang und Reihenfolge von Satzgliedern”. Indogermanische Forschungen 251: 110–142.
Bernaisch, Tobias, Stefan Th. Gries, and Joybrato Mukherjee. 2014. “The Dative Alternation in South Asian English(es): Modelling Predictors and Predicting Prototypes”. English World-Wide 351: 7–31.
Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.
Bod, Rens, Jennifer Hay, and Stefanie Jannedy, eds. 2003. Probabilistic Linguistics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bresnan, Joan. 2007. “Is Syntactic Knowledge Probabilistic? Experiments with the English Dative Alternation”. In Sam Featherston, and Wolfgang Sternefeld, eds. Roots: Linguistics in Search of Its Evidential Base. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 75–96.
Bresnan, Joan, Anna Cueni, Tatiana Nikitina, and Harald Baayen. 2007. “Predicting the Dative Alternation”. In Gerlof Boume, Irene Krämer, and Joost Zwarts, eds. Cognitive Foundations of Interpretation. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Science, 69–94.
Bresnan, Joan, and Marilyn Ford. 2010. “Predicting Syntax: Processing Dative Constructions in American and Australian Varieties of English.” Language 861: 168–213.
Bybee, Joan, and Paul Hopper. 2001. Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Cappelle, Bert. 2005. “Particle Patterns in English: A Comprehensive Coverage”. Ph.D. dissertation, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
Davies, Mark, and Robert Fuchs. 2015. “Expanding Horizons in the Study of World Englishes with the 1.9 Billion Word Global Web-Based English Corpus (GloWbE)”. English World-Wide 361: 1–28.
De Cuypere, Ludovic, and Saartje Verbeke. 2013. “Dative Alternation in Indian English: A Corpus-Based Analysis”. World Englishes 321: 169–184.
Ehret, Katharina, Christoph Wolk, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi. 2014. “Quirky Quadratures: On Rhythm and Weight as Constraints on Genitive Variation in an Unconventional Data Set”. English Language and Linguistics 181: 263–303.
Gahl, Susanne, and Susan Garnsey. 2004. “Knowledge of Grammar, Knowledge of Usage: Syntactic Probabilities Affect Pronunciation Variation”. Language 801: 748–775.
Gahl, Susanne, and Alan C.L. Yu. 2006. Special Theme Issue: Exemplar-Based Models in Linguistics. The Linguistic Review. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Garretson, Gregory, M. Catherine O’Connor, Barbora Skarabela, and Marjorie Hogan. 2004. “Coding Practices Used in the Project Optimality Typology of Determiner Phrases”. <[URL]>. (accessed January 8, 2016).
Grafmiller, Jason. 2014. “Variation in English Genitives across Modality and Genres”. English Language and Linguistics 181: 471–496.
Grafmiller, Jason, and Melanie Röthlisberger. In prep. “Construction Grammar Goes Global: Syntactic Alternations, Schematization, and Collostructional Diversity in World English(es)”.
Gries, Stefan Th. 2003. Multifactorial Analysis in Corpus Linguistics: A Study of Particle Placement. New York: Continuum Press.
Harrell, Frank E. 2001. Regression Modeling Strategies With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis. New York: Springer New York.
Harrell, Frank E. Jr. 2014. Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. R Package Version 3.14-6 (version 3.14-6). <[URL]> (accessed January 14, 2016).
Hinrichs, Lars, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi. 2007. “Recent Changes in the Function and Frequency of Standard English Genitive Constructions: A Multivariate Analysis of Tagged Corpora”. English Language and Linguistics 111: 437–474.
Hoffmann, Thomas. 2014. “The Cognitive Evolution of Englishes: The Role of Constructions in the Dynamic Model”. In Sarah Buschfeld, Thomas Hoffmann, Magnus Huber, and Alexander Kautzsch, eds. The Evolution of Englishes: The Dynamic Model and Beyond. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 160–80.
Hothorn, Torsten, Kurt Hornik, and Achim Zeileis. 2006. “Unbiased Recursive Partitioning: A Conditional Inference Framework”. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 151: 651–674.
Kachru, Braj B., ed. 1992. The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures. (2nd ed.) Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press.
. 1982. “Building on Empirical Foundations”. In Winfred Lehmann, and Yakov Malkiel, eds. Perspectives on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 17–92.
Levy, Roger. 2008. “Expectation-Based Syntactic Comprehension”. Cognition 1061: 1126–1177.
MacDonald, Maryellen C. 2013. “How Language Production Shapes Language Form and Comprehension”. Frontiers in Psychology 41: 1–16.
Mesthrie, Rajend, and Rakesh Mohan Bhatt. 2008. World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mukherjee, Joybrato. 2007. “Steady States in the Evolution of New Englishes: Present-Day Indian English as an Equilibrium”. Journal of English Linguistics 351: 157–187.
Mukherjee, Joybrato, and Sebastian Hoffmann. 2006. “Describing Verb-Complementational Profiles of New Englishes: A Pilot Study of Indian English”. English World-Wide 271: 147–173.
Olavarría de Ersson, Eugenia, and Philip Shaw. 2003. “Verb Complementation Patterns in Indian Standard English”. English World-Wide 241: 137–161.
Osselton, Noel. 1988. “Thematic Genitives”. In Graham Nixon, and John Honey, eds. An Historic Tongue: Studies in English Linguistics in Memory of Barbara Strang. London: Routledge, 138–144.
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman.
Rohdenburg, Günter. 1996. “Cognitive Complexity and Increased Grammatical Explicitness in English”. Cognitive Linguistics 71: 149–182.
Rosenbach, Anette. 2014. “English Genitive Variation – the State of the Art”. English Language and Linguistics 181: 215–262.
Schilk, Marco, Tobias Bernaisch, and Joybrato Mukherjee. 2012. “Mapping Unity and Diversity in South Asian English Lexicogrammar: Verb-Complementational Preferences across Varieties”. In Marianne Hundt, and Ulrike Gut, eds. Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 137–165.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2003. “The Dynamics of New Englishes: From Identity Construction to Dialect Birth”. Language 791: 233–281.
. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Strobl, Carolin, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Thomas Kneib, Thomas Augustin, and Achim Zeileis. 2008. “Conditional Variable Importance for Random Forests.” BMC Bioinformatics 91: 307. <[URL]> (accessed January 14, 2016).
Strobl, Carolin, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Achim Zeileis, and Torsten Hothorn. 2007. “Bias in Random Forest Variable Importance Measures: Illustrations, Sources and a Solution”. BMC Bioinformatics 81: 25. <[URL]> (accessed January 14, 2016).
Tagliamonte, Sali. 2001. “Comparative Sociolinguistics.” In Jack Chambers, Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes, eds. Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell, 729–763.
Tagliamonte, Sali, and Harald Baayen. 2012. “Models, Forests and Trees of York English: ‘Was/were’ Variation as a Case Study for Statistical Practice”. Language Variation and Change 241: 135–178.
Wasow, Thomas, and Jennifer Arnold. 2003. “Post-Verbal Constituent Ordering in English”. In Günter Rohdenburg, and Britta Mondorf, eds. Determinants of Grammatical Variation in English. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, 119–154.
Wolk, Christoph, Joan Bresnan, Anette Rosenbach, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi. 2013. “Dative and Genitive Variability in Late Modern English: Exploring Cross-Constructional Variation and Change”. Diachronica 301: 382–419.
Zwicky, Arnold M. 1987. “Suppressing the Zs”. Journal of Linguistics 231: 133–148.
Cited by (87)
Cited by 87 other publications
BIBER, DOUGLAS, BENEDIKT SZMRECSANYI, RANDI REPPEN & TOVE LARSSON
2024. Expanding the scope of grammatical variation: towards a comprehensive account of genitive variation across registers. English Language and Linguistics 28:1 ► pp. 95 ff. 
Calude, Andreea S., Eline Zenner, Laura Rosseel & Hēmi Whaanga
2024. Māori loanwords in New Zealand English. Language Problems and Language Planning 48:1 ► pp. 48 ff.
Chen, Zenan & Bin Shao
2024. Alternation in the Chinese Event-quantifying Construction: A multivariate approach. Lingua 305 ► pp. 103741 ff.
Gan, Qiao
2024. Different registers, different grammars in second language production? The dative alternation in spoken and written Chinese learner English. Lingua 309 ► pp. 103790 ff.
Hackert, Stephanie, Catherine Laliberté & Diana Wengler
2024. Past inflection around the world: A cross-variety analysis of New Englishes. Lingua 307 ► pp. 103776 ff.
Hundt, Marianne, Bethany Dallas & Shimon Nakanishi
2024. The be‐ versusget‐passive alternation in world Englishes. World Englishes 43:1 ► pp. 86 ff.
Jin, Junjie & Fuyin Thomas Li
2024. A multifactorial aspectual analysis of verb concatenation with imperfective markers zhe in Mandarin. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 20:1 ► pp. 183 ff.
Juzek, Tom S.
2024. Signal Smoothing and Syntactic Choices: A Critical Reflection on the UID Hypothesis. Open Mind 8 ► pp. 217 ff.
Klavan, Jane
2024. The morphosyntactic alternation between exterior locative case affixes and postpositions in Estonian. Linguistics Vanguard 10:s1 ► pp. 39 ff.
Li, Yi
2024. Cognitive and sociolectal constraints on the theme-recipient alternation: evidence from Mandarin. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
Li, Yi, Benedikt Szmrecsanyi & Weiwei Zhang
2024. Beyond dynasties and binary alternations: a diachronic corpus study of four-way variability in Chinese theme-recipient constructions. Folia Linguistica 58:s45-s1 ► pp. 221 ff.
MUẞEMANN, VICTORIA
2024. A topic which I want to know more about – preposition placement in finite WH-relative clauses in World Englishes. English Language and Linguistics 28:2 ► pp. 341 ff.
Pisciotta, Flavio
2024. When constructional choice is a matter of context: sembrare-constructions across a continuum of text genres. CogniTextes Volume 25
Strobl, Carolin, Yannick Rothacher, Sven Theiler & Mirka Henninger
2024. Detecting interactions with random forests: a comment on Gries’ words of caution and suggestions for improvement. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
Sönning, Lukas & Jason Grafmiller
2024. Seeing the wood for the trees: predictive margins for random forests. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 20:1 ► pp. 153 ff.
Tamaredo, Iván
2024. Benedikt Szmrecsanyi and Jason Grafmiller, Comparative variation analysis: Grammatical alternations in World Englishes (Studies in Language Variation and Change). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. xvii + 218. ISBN 9781108491563.. English Language and Linguistics ► pp. 1 ff.
Wang, Menglan, Guiying Jiang & Yan Cheng
2024. A Corpus-Based Multifactorial Study of Help/help to Alternation in Learners’ Language: From the Perspective of Probabilistic Grammar. Sage Open 14:4
Xu, Mengmin, Fuyin Li & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2024. Modeling the locative alternation in Mandarin Chinese. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 258 ff.
Zhang, Yi & Ming Yue
Collins, Peter
2023. Grammatical variation in World Englishes. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 44:2 ► pp. 184 ff.
Gerwin, Johanna & Melanie Röthlisberger
2023. Dialectal ditransitive patterns in British English. In Ditransitives in Germanic Languages [Studies in Germanic Linguistics, 7], ► pp. 195 ff.
Horsch, Jakob
2023. Corroborating Corpus Data with Elicited Introspection Data: A Case Study. Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74:1 ► pp. 60 ff.
Horsch, Jakob
Labat, Sofie, Haidee Kotze & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2023. Processing and prescriptivism as constraints on language variation and change. In Exploring Language and Society with Big Data [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 111], ► pp. 250 ff.
Levshina, Natalia, Savithry Namboodiripad, Marc Allassonnière-Tang, Mathew Kramer, Luigi Talamo, Annemarie Verkerk, Sasha Wilmoth, Gabriela Garrido Rodriguez, Timothy Michael Gupton, Evan Kidd, Zoey Liu, Chiara Naccarato, Rachel Nordlinger, Anastasia Panova & Natalia Stoynova
2023. Why we need a gradient approach to word order. Linguistics 61:4 ► pp. 825 ff.
Moretti, Lorenzo
2023. The Functions of Auxiliary Do in Middle English Poetry: A Quantitative Study. Journal of English Linguistics 51:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Olatoye, Temitayo
2023. Irregular verb morphology in Nigerian English. World Englishes 42:4 ► pp. 642 ff.
Romasanta, Raquel P.
2023. A morphosyntactic approach to language contact in African varieties of English. Studia Neophilologica 95:1 ► pp. 146 ff.
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt & Alexandra Engel
2023. A variationist perspective on the comparative complexity of four registers at the intersection of mode and formality. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 19:1 ► pp. 79 ff.
Yue, Ming & Yi Zhang
2023. Semantic Integration in It-Clefts: A Multifactorial Exploration of Agreement Variability in World Englishes. Journal of English Linguistics 51:4 ► pp. 375 ff.
Zhang, Dong & Jiajin Xu
Collins, Peter Craig
2022. Comment markers in world Englishes. World Englishes 41:2 ► pp. 244 ff.
Engel, Alexandra, Jason Grafmiller, Laura Rosseel & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2022. Assessing the complexity of lectal competence: the register-specificity of the dative alternation aftergive. Cognitive Linguistics 33:4 ► pp. 727 ff.
Garassino, Davide
2022. Translation as a source of pragmatic interference?. In When Data Challenges Theory [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 273], ► pp. 271 ff.
Hackert, Stephanie & Diana Wengler
2022. Recent Grammatical Change in Postcolonial Englishes: A Real-time Study of Genitive Variation in Caribbean and Indian News Writing. Journal of English Linguistics 50:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
MacKenzie, Laurel, George Bailey & Danielle Turton
2022. Towards an updated dialect atlas of British English. Journal of Linguistic Geography 10:1 ► pp. 46 ff.
Põldvere, Nele, Rachele De Felice & Carita Paradis
2022. Advice in Conversation,
Qu, Yayuan, Jirong Guo & Xiaoming Wang
2022. On Influencing Factors in Metaphor Variation for Five Elements Translation in TCM: A Binomial Logistic Regression Analysis. IEEE Access 10 ► pp. 99675 ff.
TIZÓN-COUTO, DAVID
2022. A multivariate account of particle alternation after bare-formtryin native varieties of English. English Language and Linguistics 26:4 ► pp. 645 ff.
Xu, Jiajin & Zhaoxia Liu
2022. The ordering of relative clauses and determiner phrases in Chinese interlanguage: a multifactorial study. Corpora 17:Supplement ► pp. 43 ff.
Buschfeld, Sarah
2021. The question of structural nativization in Namibian
English. In The dynamics of English in Namibia [Varieties of English Around the World, G65], ► pp. 169 ff.
Fang, Yu & Haitao Liu
2021. Predicting syntactic choice in Mandarin Chinese: a corpus-based analysis ofbasentences and SVO sentences. Cognitive Linguistics 32:2 ► pp. 219 ff.
Hundt, Marianne, Melanie Röthlisberger & Elena Seoane
2021. Predicting voice alternation across academic Englishes
. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 17:1 ► pp. 189 ff.
Seoane, Elena & Douglas Biber
2021. A corpus-based approach to register variation. In Corpus-based approaches to register variation [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 103], ► pp. 1 ff.
van Rooy, Bertus
2021. Grammatical change in South African Englishes. World Englishes 40:1 ► pp. 24 ff.
Zenner, Eline & Dorien Van De Mieroop
2021. The alternation between standard and vernacular pronouns by
Belgian Dutch parents in child-oriented control acts. In Sociolinguistic Variation and Language Acquisition across the
Lifespan [Studies in Language Variation, 26], ► pp. 51 ff.
BERG, THOMAS, TIM ZINGLER & ARNE LOHMANN
2020. The range of linguistic units: Distance effects in English mandative subjunctive constructions. Journal of Linguistics 56:2 ► pp. 231 ff.
De Sutter, Gert & Marie-Aude Lefer
2020. On the need for a new research agenda for corpus-based translation studies: a multi-methodological, multifactorial and interdisciplinary approach. Perspectives 28:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Egbert, Jesse & Luke Plonsky
2020. Bootstrapping Techniques. In A Practical Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, ► pp. 593 ff.
Fonteyn, Lauren & Andrea Nini
2020. Individuality in syntactic variation: An investigation of the seventeenth-century gerund alternation. Cognitive Linguistics 31:2 ► pp. 279 ff.
García‐Castro, Laura
2020. Finite and non‐finite complement clauses in postcolonial Englishes. World Englishes 39:3 ► pp. 411 ff.
Hundt, Marianne, Paula Rautionaho & Carolin Strobl
2020. Progressive or simple? A corpus-based study of aspect in World Englishes. Corpora 15:1 ► pp. 77 ff.
Law, Melanie A. & Haidee Kotze
2020. Gender, Writing and Editing in South African Englishes. In Gender in World Englishes, ► pp. 205 ff.
Leuckert, Sven & Sofia Rüdiger
2020. Non-canonical syntax in an Expanding Circle variety. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 41:1 ► pp. 33 ff.
Mukherjee, Joybrato & Tobias Bernaisch
2020. Corpus Linguistics and Asian Englishes. In The Handbook of Asian Englishes, ► pp. 741 ff.
Pijpops, Dirk
Revis, Melanie & Tobias Bernaisch
2020. The pragmatic nativisation of pauses in Asian Englishes. World Englishes 39:1 ► pp. 135 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie
2020. Social Constraints on Syntactic Variation. In Gender in World Englishes, ► pp. 147 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie
2021. Between context and community. In Corpus-based approaches to register variation [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 103], ► pp. 111 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie & Sali A. Tagliamonte
2020. The social embedding of a syntactic alternation: Variable particle placement in Ontario English. Language Variation and Change 32:3 ► pp. 317 ff.
Schaub, Steffen
2020. Thomas Brunner, Simplicity and typological effects in the emergence of New Englishes: The noun phrase in Singaporean and Kenyan English (Topics in English Linguistics, TiEL 97). Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017. Pp. xix+341. ISBN 9783110516593 (hardback).. English Language and Linguistics 24:1 ► pp. 256 ff.
TAMAREDO, IVÁN, MELANIE RÖTHLISBERGER, JASON GRAFMILLER & BENEDIKT HELLER
2020. Probabilistic indigenization effects at the lexis–syntax interface. English Language and Linguistics 24:2 ► pp. 413 ff.
Tamošiūnaitė, Aurelija
2020. Sincerity in Lithuanian epistolarity: Between truth and emotion. Multilingua 39:1 ► pp. 105 ff.
Th Gries, Stefan
2020. On classification trees and random forests in corpus linguistics: Some words of caution and suggestions for improvement. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 16:3 ► pp. 617 ff.
Bohmann, Axel
2019. Variation in English Worldwide,
Dunn, Jonathan
2019. Global Syntactic Variation in Seven Languages: Toward a Computational Dialectology. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2
Horch, Stephanie
2019. Complementing corpus analysis with web-based experimentation in research on World Englishes. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 40:1 ► pp. 25 ff.
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt, Jason Grafmiller & Laura Rosseel
2019. Variation-Based Distance and Similarity Modeling: A Case Study in World Englishes. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2
Nuria Yáñez-Bouza, Emma Moore, Linda van Bergen & Willem B. Hollmann
2019. Categories, Constructions, and Change in English Syntax,
Grafmiller, Jason & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2018. Mapping out particle placement in Englishes around the world: A study in comparative sociolinguistic analysis. Language Variation and Change 30:3 ► pp. 385 ff.
Grafmiller, Jason, Benedikt Szmrecsanyi, Melanie Röthlisberger & Benedikt Heller
2018. General introduction: A comparative perspective on probabilistic variation in grammar. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 3:1
Gries, Stefan Th., Tobias Bernaisch & Benedikt Heller
2018. A corpus-linguistic account of the history of the genitive alternation in Singapore English. In Modeling World Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World, G61], ► pp. 245 ff.
Hundt, Marianne
2018. It is time that this (should) be studied across a broader range of Englishes. In Modeling World Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World, G61], ► pp. 217 ff.
Hundt, Marianne
2019. Corpus-Based Approaches to World Englishes. In The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 506 ff.
Hundt, Marianne
2021. On models and modelling. World Englishes 40:3 ► pp. 298 ff.
Hundt, Marianne
2022. N-isFocalizers as Semi-fixed Constructions: Modeling Variation across World Englishes. Journal of English Linguistics 50:2 ► pp. 115 ff.
Kirk, John & Gerald Nelson
2018. The International Corpus of English project: A progress report. World Englishes 37:4 ► pp. 697 ff.
Kristiansen, Gitte, Eline Zenner & Dirk Geeraerts
2018. English as a lingua franca in Europe: The identification of L1 and L2 accents. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 16:2 ► pp. 494 ff.
Heller, Benedikt, Tobias Bernaisch & Stefan Th. Gries
2017. Empirical perspectives on two potential epicenters: The genitive alternation in Asian Englishes. ICAME Journal 41:1 ► pp. 111 ff.
Heller, Benedikt, Benedikt Szmrecsanyi & Jason Grafmiller
2017. Stability and Fluidity in Syntactic Variation World-Wide. Journal of English Linguistics 45:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Levshina, Natalia
2017. A Multivariate Study of T/V Forms in European Languages Based on a Parallel Corpus of Film Subtitles. Research in Language 15:2 ► pp. 153 ff.
Levshina, Natalia
2020. Conditional Inference Trees and Random Forests. In A Practical Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, ► pp. 611 ff.
Pijpops, Dirk & Dirk Speelman
2017. Alternating argument constructions of Dutch psychological verbs: A theory-driven corpus investigation. Folia Linguistica 51:1
Röthlisberger, Melanie, Jason Grafmiller & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2017. Cognitive indigenization effects in the English dative alternation. Cognitive Linguistics 28:4
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt
2017. Variationist sociolinguistics and corpus-based variationist linguistics: overlap and cross-pollination potential. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 62:4 ► pp. 685 ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.