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Article published In:
Gesture
Vol. 17:1 (2018) ► pp.65–97

Teasing apart listener-sensitivity

The role of interaction

 | RWTH Aachen University
 | University of Oregon
Using a repetition paradigm, in which speakers describe the same event to a sequence of listeners, we analyze the degree of reduction in representational gestures. We find that when listener feedback, both verbal and non-verbal, is minimal and unvarying, speakers steadily reduce their motoric commitment in repeated gestures across tellings without regard to the novelty of the information to the listener. Within this specific condition, we interpret the result to coincide with the view that gestures primarily serve as a part of speech production rather than a communicative act. Importantly, we propose that gestural sensitivity to the listener derives from an interaction between interlocutors, rather than simple modeling of the listener’s state of knowledge in the mind of the speaker alone.
Keywords: co-speech gesture, repetition, reduction, automatization, interaction
Article outline
  • Introduction
    • Objectives
    • Theories of gesture production
    • For the speaker: The Listener-neutral explanation
    • For the listener: Sources of listener-sensitivity
    • The Repetition Effect
    • The Repetition Effect in speech
    • The Repetition Effect in gesture
  • Experiment
    • Methods
      • The speakers
      • The stimulus
      • Recording
    • Procedures
    • Experimental conditions and hypotheses
    • The confederates
    • Coding
    • Predictors for gesture size and analysis
  • Results
    • An example of the results
  • Preliminary discussion
  • A perceptual judgment follow-up study
    • Participants and stimuli
    • Procedures
    • Predictors for gestural effort and analysis
    • Results
  • Preliminary discussion
  • General discussion
    • Clarifying the notion of listener-sensitivity
    • The Speaker-neutral explanation: Why the reduction?
  • Conclusion and future directions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 19 October 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.00011.vaj
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