Article published In:
International Journal of Corpus Linguistics: Online-First Articles“People should get their booster”
Stance towards Covid vaccination in news and academic blogs
Debates around the efficacy and dangers of vaccination have taken on critical importance with the Covid pandemic and WHO naming vaccine hesitancy as a major global health threat. We explore how writers use two types of blog, academic and journalistic, to promote key public health messages around the effectiveness and necessity of Covid-19 vaccinations to a broad, heterogeneous audience. Examining 120 Covid-19 vaccination themed posts from reputable news and academic blog sites, we compare the different ways writers present a stance and take a position towards vaccines and vaccinations in these different interactional contexts. Findings show that both types of bloggers are clearly aware of the need to convey a stance towards their topic and audiences feel entitled to position themselves in relation to vaccination issues, but with different emphases. The study has important implications for how healthcare information is disseminated and persuasion accomplished in these public arenas of discourse.
Keywords: academic blogs, news blogs, stance, Covid-19 vaccination, context
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Journalistic and academic blogs
- 3.Blogs, Covid and stance
- 4.Methods and procedures
- 4.1Covac blog corpus
- 4.2Annotation and analysis
- 5.Stance: Results and discussion
- 5.1Hedges
- 5.2Boosters
- 5.3Attitude markers
- 5.4Self-mention
- 6.Conclusions
- Note
-
References
Published online: 13 February 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22110.zou
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22110.zou
References (60)
Aldred, J., Behr, R., Cochrane, L., Hind, J., Pickard, A., Potter, L., Wignall, A., Wiseman, E., & Astell, A. (2008, March 9). The world’s 50 most powerful blogs. The Observer. [URL]
Anthony, L. (2018). AntConc (Version 3.5.7) [Computer software]. Waseda University. [URL]
Biber, D. (2006). Stance in spoken and written university registers. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,
5
1, 97–116.
Biber, D., & Finegan, E. (1989). Styles of stance in English: Lexical and grammatical marking of evidentiality and affect. Text,
9
1, 93–124.
Biber, D., & Zhang, M. (2018). Expressing evaluation without grammatical stance: Informational persuasion on the web. Corpora,
13
(1), 97–123.
Bondi, M. (2022). Dialogicity in individual and institutional scientific blogs. Publications,
10
(1), Article 9.
Bos, M., & Nuijens, F. (2020). Science journalism. In F. van Dam, L. de Bakker, A. M. Dijkstra, & E. A. Jensen (Eds.), Science Communication: An Introduction (pp. 119–144). World Scientific Publishing.
Bruns, A., & Highfield, T. (2012). Blogs, Twitter, and breaking news: The produsage of citizen journalism. In R. A. Lind (Ed.), Produsing Theory in a Digital World: The Intersection of Audiences and Production in Contemporary Theory (pp. 15–32). Peter Lang.
Burel, G., Farrell, T., & Alani, H. (2021). Demographics and topics impact on the co-spread of COVID-19 misinformation and fact-checks on Twitter. Information Processing and Management,
58
(6), 102732.
Curry, N., & Pérez-Paredes, P. (2021). Stance nouns in COVID-19 related blog posts: A contrastive analysis of blog posts published in The Conversation in Spain and the UK. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics,
26
(4), 469–497.
Domingo, D., & Heinonen, A. R. I. (2008). Weblogs and Journalism: A typology to explore the blurring boundaries. Nordicom Review, 29(1), 3–15.
Dueñas, P. M. (2010). Attitude markers in business management research articles: A cross-cultural corpus-driven approach. International Journal of Applied Linguistics,
20
(1), 50–72.
Freeman, D., Loe, B. S., Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., Waite, F., Rosebrock, L., Jenner, L., Petit, A., Lewandowsky, S., Vanderslott, S., Innocenti, S., Larkin, M., Giubilini, A., Yu, L.-M., McShane, H., Pollard, A. J., & Lambe, S. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: The Oxford coronavirus explanations, attitudes, and narratives survey (Oceans) II. Psychological Medicine,
52
(14), 3127–3141.
Glik, D. C. (2007). Risk communication for public health emergencies. Annual Review of Public Health,
28
1, 33–54.
Gotti, M. (2014). Reformulation and recontextualization in popularization discourse. Ibérica,
27
1, 15–34.
Hansen, A. (2018, October 30). How to pitch to The Conversation. The Conversation. [URL]
Herring, S., Stein, D., & Virtanen, T. (Eds.). (2013). Pragmatics of Computer-mediated Communication. DeGruyter.
HuffPost. (2022). In Wikipedia. [URL]
Hyland, K. (1996). Writing without conviction? Hedging in science research articles. Applied Linguistics,
17
(4), 433–454.
(1999). Disciplinary discourses: Writer stance in research articles. In C. Candlin, & K. Hyland (Ed), Writing: Texts, Processes and Practices (pp. 99–121). Longman.
(2004). Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. University of Michigan Press.
(2005). Stance and engagement: A model of interaction in academic discourse. Discourse Studies,
7
(2), 173–192.
Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (2021). The Covid infodemic: Competition and the hyping of virus research. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics,
264
1, 444–468.
Hyland, K., & Zou, H. J. (2021). “I believe the findings are intriguing”: Stance in Three-Minute Theses. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,
50
1, 100973.
Ihlenfeld, J. (2011, February 7). Übernahme: AOL kauft Huffington Post [Takeover: AOL buys Huffington Post]. golem.de. [URL]
Jenkins, M., & Moreno, M. (2020). Vaccination discussion among parents on social media: A content analysis of comments on parenting blogs. Journal of Health Communication,
25
(3), 232–242.
Kirkup, G. (2010). Academic blogging: Academic practice and academic identity. London Review of Education,
8
(1), 75–84.
Krause, N., Freiling, I., Beets, B., & Brossard, D. (2020). Fact-checking as risk communication: The multi-layered risk of misinformation in times of COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research,
23
(7–8), 1052–1059.
Lyu, J. C., Han, E. L., & Luli, G. K. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine-related discussion on Twitter: Topic modelling and sentiment analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research,
23
(6), Article e24435.
Mahrt, M., & Puschmann, C. (2014). Science blogging: An exploratory study of motives, styles, and audience reactions. Journal of Science Communication,
13
(3), 1–17.
Martin, S., Kilich, E., Dada, S., Kummervold, P. E., Denny, C., Paterson, P., & Larson, H. J. (2020). “Vaccines for pregnant women…?! Absurd”: Mapping maternal vaccination discourse and stance on social media over six months. Vaccine,
38
(42), 6627–6637.
Matheson, D. (2004). Weblogs and the epistemology of the news: Some trends in online journalism. New Media & Society,
6
(4), 443–468.
McGrath, L., & Kuteeva, M. (2012). Stance and engagement in pure mathematics research articles: Linking discourse features to disciplinary practices. English for Specific Purposes,
31
1, 161–173.
Merkley, E. (2020). Anti-intellectualism, populism, and motivated resistance to expert consensus. Public Opinion Quarterly,
84
(1), 24–48.
Metcalf, J. (2020). Chanting to the choir: The dialogical failure of antithetical climate change blogs. Journal of Science Communication,
19
(2), Article 04.
Moreau, E. (2020, December 2). 10 of the Most Popular News Blogs on the Internet. Lifewire. [URL]
Myers, G. (2010). Stance-taking and public discussion in blogs. Critical Discourse Studies
7
(4), 263–275.
Powell, D. A., Jacob, C. J., & Chapman, B. J. (2012). Using blogs and new media in academic practice: Potential roles in research, teaching, learning, and extension. Innovative Higher Education,
37
1, 271–282.
Qin, W., & Uccelli, P. (2019). Metadiscourse: Variation across communicative contexts. Journal of Pragmatics,
139
1, 22–39.
Schneider, J. (2010). Making space for the “nuances of truth”: Communication and uncertainty at an environmental journalists’ workshop. Science Communication,
32
(2), 171–201.
Scott, M. (2020). Facebook’s private groups are abuzz with coronavirus fake news. Politico. [URL]
Scotto di Carlo, G. (2014). The role of proximity in online popularizations: The case of TED talks. Discourse Studies,
165
1, 591–606.
Spring, M. (2020). Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation. BBC News. [URL]
Tasnim, S., Hossain, M. M., & Mazumder, H. (2020). Impact of rumors and misinformation on COVID-19 in social media. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,
53
1, 171–174.
The Conversation. (2021). Global Editorial Guidelines 2021. [URL]
WHO. (2021, December 1). Social media & COVID-19: A global study of digital crisis interaction among Gen Z and Millennials. [URL]
Wilson, G. (2006, June 26). Down with blogs… so here’s another. BBC News. [URL]
Wilson, S. L., & Wiysonge, C. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy. BMJ Global Health,
5
(10), Article e004206.
Wise, J. (2023). How many blogs are there in the world in 2024? Earthweb. [URL]
Wu, B., & Paltridge, B. (2021). Stance expressions in academic writing: A corpus-based comparison of Chinese students’ MA dissertations and PhD theses. Lingua,
253
1, Article 103071.
Zou, H., & Hyland, K. (2019). Reworking research: Interactions in academic articles and blogs. Discourse Studies,
21
(6), 713–733.
Zou, H. J., & Hyland, K. (2020). Managing evaluation: Criticism in two academic review genres. English for Specific Purposes,
60
1, 98–112.