Article published In:
Journal of Language and PoliticsVol. 6:3 (2007) ► pp.419–436
What does ‘we’ mean?
National deixis in the media * I would like to thank Professor David McCrone, Michael Rosie and John MacInnes from the University of Edinburgh, and Susan Condor from the University of Lancaster, as well as the anonymous referees for their helpful comments on the earlier drafts of this paper. I also wish to thank ESRC for their post-doctoral fellowship PTA-026270446 that enabled me to write up this article.
The contextual nature of deictic expressions, including the personal pronoun ‘we’, is a given to linguists, but has only recently caught the interest of social scientists. The following article, firmly grounded in sociology, attempts to introduce some linguistic concepts while looking at the role of the personal pronoun ‘we’ in the discursive construction of national identities in the media. Focusing on Scotland, and looking at media language in the context of constitutional change in the United Kingdom, the article shows how different category relations are created through the ambiguous and under-specified use of deictic expressions. Scotland provides an interesting case study for such analysis, as references to the ‘nation’ during the 20th century have been ambiguous, sometimes referring to Scotland, sometimes to Britain. Consequently, the media/nation relationship has been contested, and this is reflected in media language. The paper introduces the concept of a wandering ‘we’ to describe the shifting reference point of the deictic expressions and situates this phenomenon in the wider nationalism literature. By doing this, the article revisits some of the notions introduced by Billig in his Banal Nationalism.
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