Chronotopes of war and dread in pandemic times
During the first months of 2020, our everyday life suddenly changed when the novel Coronavirus started to infect
humans at a very fast rate, causing serious respiratory and other diseases, death, and fear of the unknown. Local friends and
family members shared traumatic stories, images, and videoclips about death and dread in Northern Italy, where the first confirmed
COVID-19 cases were discovered, just two months after the virus was first detected in Wuhan, China (
Worobey, 2021). Inspired by
Bakhtin’s (1981) notion of
chronotope, by autoethnography and phenomenology, within a linguistic anthropological framework, this article examines how
individuals have been embodying COVID-19 related uncertainties and fears in their everyday life. Through the analysis of
(auto)ethnographic narratives, recontextualized images and videoclips, including the ones related to the 1918–1920 influenza
pandemic, I show how regionalized
chronotopes of war and more global
chronotopes of dread have
emerged and solidified across pandemic times.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Time and space across two pandemics: The Bakhtinian chronotope
- 3.Two pandemics across time and space
- 4.Recontextualized videoclips and images as narrative practices
- 5.Embodying dread, death, and despair through chronotopes of war
- 5.1Military trucks across Bergamo, Northern Italy
- 5.2War stories in COVID-19 times
- 5.3Chronotopes of dread in pre-pandemic times
- 6.Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
-
References
References (62)
References
Adams, T. E., Holman Jones, Linn, S., & Ellis, C. (2015). Autoethnography: Understanding Qualitative Research. New York: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, B., & Putta, S. K. (2021). #TogetherApart: Mediatization, (Inter)subjectivity and Sociality at a Time of Pandemic. Networking Knowledge,
14
(1), 1–8.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press. Retrieved from [URL]
Ball, C. (2017). Realisms and Indexicalities of Photographic Propositions. Signs and Society,
5
(s1), S154–S177.
Barry, J. M. (2005). The great influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history. (Revised. ed.). New York: Viking (Penguin Group).
Bassetti, C., Fine, G. A., & Chan, C. S. C. (2020). Introduction: Ethnography in and of the age of Covid-19. Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa,
2
1, 159–164.
Bauman, R. (1977). Verbal art as performance. Waveland: Prospect Heights.
Bauman, R., & Briggs, C. (1990). Poetics and Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language and Social Life. Annual Review of Anthropology,
19
1, 59–88.
Black, S. P. (2017). Anthropological Ethics and the Communicative Affordances of Audio-Video Recorders in Ethnographic Fieldwork: Transduction as Theory. American Anthropologist,
119
(1), 46–57.
Black, S. P. (2021). Linguistic Anthropology and COVID-19. Anthropology News Website.
Blommaert, J. (2015). Chronotopes, Scales, and Complexity in the Study of Language in Society. Annual Review of Anthropology,
44
(1), 105–116.
Blommaert, J., & De Fina, A. (2017). Chronotopic Identities: On the Timespace Organization of Who We Are. In A. De Fina, J. Wegner, & D. Ikizoglu (Eds.), Diversity and Super-diversity. Sociocultural Linguistic Perspectives (pp. 1–15). Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Briggs, C. L. (2005). Communicability, Racial Discourse, and Disease. Annual Review of Anthropology,
34
(1), 269–291.
Carr, E. S., & Lempert, M. (2016). Introduction: Pragmatics of Scale. In E. S. Carr & M. Lempert (Eds.), Scale: Discourse and Dimensions of Social Life (pp. 1–24). Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
Cavanaugh, J. R. (2012). Entering into politics: Interdiscursivity, register, stance, and vernacular in northern Italy. Language in Society,
41
(01), 73–95.
De Fina, A., & Georgakopoulou, A. (2012). Analyzing Narrative: Discourse and Sociolinguistic Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Desjarlais, R., Perrino, S. M., Reno, J., Bartlett, N., Donzelli, A., Fitoussi, M., … Ng, E. (In Press). Dispatches from home and the field during the COVID-19 pandemic. New York: Palgrave McMillan.
Desjarlais, R. R. (2018). The Blind Man: A Phantasmography. New York: Fordham University Press. Retrieved from [URL].
Dick, H. P. (2017).
Una Gabacha Sinvergüenza (A Shameless White-Trash Woman): Moral Mobility and Interdiscursivity in a Mexican Migrant Community. American Anthropologist,
119
(2), 223–235.
Divita, D. (2014). From Paris to and Back: (Re-)Emigration and the Modernist Chronotope in Cultural Performance. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology,
24
(1), 1–18.
Falconi, E., & Graber, K. (2019). Storytelling as Narrative Practice: Ethnographic Approaches to the Tales We Tell. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
Fassin, D., & Fourcade, M. (Eds.). (2021). Pandemic Exposures: Economy and Society in the Time of Coronavirus. Chicago, IL: HAU Books.
Gal, S. (2016). Scale-making: Comparison and Perspective as Ideological Projects. In E. S. Carr & M. Lempert (Eds.), Scale: Discourse and Dimensions of Social Life (pp. 90–111). Oakland: University of California Press.
Gambale, G. (2018). Nicola and Constance Maffeo: An Immigrant’s Tale. Retrieved from [URL]
Gora, L. S. (2020). Brotzeit: Dispatch from Munich. Gastronomica,
20
(3), 92–93.
Ingold, T. (2011). Being alive: essays on movement, knowledge and description. New York: Routledge. Retrieved from [URL].
Jackson, M. (1989). Paths toward a clearing: radical empiricism and ethnographic inquiry (African systems of thought). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Karimzad, F., & Catedral, L. (2018). ‘No, we don’t mix languages’: Ideological power and the chronotopic organization of ethnolinguistic identities. Language in Society,
47
(1), 89–113.
Koven, M. (2013). Antiracist, modern selves and racist, unmodern others: Chronotopes of modernity in Luso-descendants’ race talk. Language and Communication,
33
(4), 544–558.
Lynteris, C. (2020). Dispatches from the pandemic. Retrieved
Mackinlay, E. (2019). Critical writing for embodied approaches: autoethnography, feminism and decoloniality. New York: Palgrave McMillan.
Manning, P. (2017). No Ruins. No ghosts. Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural,
6
(1), 63–92.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962 [1945]). Phenomenology of perception. New York: Routledge.
Nakassis, C. V. (2019). Poetics of Praise and Image-Texts of Cinematic Encompassment. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology,
29
(1), 69–94.
North, D. M. T. (2020). California and the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic. California History,
97
(3), 3–36.
Perrino, S. (2007). Cross-chronotope alignment in Senegalese oral narrative. Language and Communication,
27
(3), 227–244.
Perrino, S. (2011). Chronotopes of story and storytelling event in interviews. Language in Society,
40
(1), 91–103.
Perrino, S. (2015). Chronotopes: Time and Space in Oral Narrative. In A. De Fina & A. Georgakopoulou (Eds.), The Handbook of Narrative Analysis (pp. 140–159). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Perrino, S. (2020). Narrating Migration: Intimacies of Exclusion in Northern Italy. New York: Routledge.
Perrino, S., & Kohler, G. (2020). Chronotopic Identities: Narrating Made in Italy across Spatiotemporal Scales. Language & Communication,
70
1, 94–106.
Perrino, S. M. (2021b). Embodied Dread in COVID-19 Images and Narratives. Life Writing,
18
(4), 579–592.
Perrino, S. M. (2022). Narrating Pandemics across Time and Space. Anthropology & Humanism,
47
(1), 264–272.
Pfeiffer, E. J. (2022). Viral Frictions: Global Health and the Persistence of HIV Stigma in Kenya. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Pritzker, S., Fenigsen, J., & Wilce, J. M. (2020). Handbook of Language and Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Reed-Danahay, D. (2017). Bourdieu and Critical Autoethnography: Implications for Research, Writing, and Teaching. International Journal of Multicultural Education,
19
(1), 144–154.
Reed-Danahay, D. (1997). Auto/ethnography: rewriting the self and the social (Explorations in anthropology). New York: Berg.
Schoepf, B. G. (2010). Assessing AIDS Research in Africa: Twenty-Five Years Later. African Studies Review,
53
(1), 105–142.
Silverstein, M. (2005). Axes of Evals. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology,
15
(1), 6–22.
Spinney, L. (2017). Pale rider: the Spanish flu of 1918 and how it changed the world. New York: PublicAffairs.
Stewart, K. (2008). Ordinary affects. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Retrieved from
Throop, C. J., & Desjarlais, R. R. (2011). Phenomenological Approaches in Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology,
40
1, 87–102.
Vico, G. (1725). Principj di una Scienza Nuova Intorno alla Natura delle Nazioni. Naples, Italy: Felice Mosca.
Vokes, R., & Pype, K. (2018). Chronotopes of Media in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethnos,
83
(2), 207–217.
Wirtz, K. (2016). The living, the dead, and the immanent: Dialogue across chronotopes. HAU,
6
(1), 343–369.
Woolard, K. (2012). Is the personal political? Chronotopes and changing stances toward Catalan language and identity. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism,
16
1, 210–224.
Woolard, K. A. (2016). Singular and plural: ideologies of linguistic authority in 21st century Catalonia. New York: Oxford University Press.
Worobey, M. (2021). Dissecting the early COVID-19 cases in Wuhan. Science,
374
(6572), 1202–1204.
Žižek, S. (2020a). Pandemic! 1: COVID-19 shakes the world (1). New York: OR Books.
Žižek, S. (2020b). Pandemic! 2: Chronicles of a Time Lost (1). New York: OR Books.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Perrino, Sabina M
2024.
Scalar narratives and intimate identities in Northern Italian historical cafes.
Discourse Studies
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.