Article published In:
Language, Culture and Society: Online-First ArticlesPronominal address in the linguistic landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia
Variation and accommodation of tú and usted in written signs
This study explores pronominal address forms in the linguistic landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia, examining how
Spanish-speaking communities use second-person singular pronouns (tú, usted, vos) in public signage. The research objectives were
to identify which pronouns of address are employed and determine the variables influencing their usage. A corpus of 250 signs was
analyzed across three Hispanic neighborhoods and virtual spaces, considering variables such as location, authorship,
language composition, and speech act. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to assess
the impact of these variables on pronoun choice. The findings reveal that only “tú” and “usted” are present in the linguistic
landscape, with “tú” being slightly more prevalent (55.2%). Language composition (p = 0.035) and
speech act (p < 0.001) significantly influence pronoun selection, while
location and authorship do not. Bilingual signs tend to favor “usted”, whereas monolingual
signs prefer “tú”. Regarding speech acts, requests are more likely to use “usted”, while invitations and
persuasive messages favor “tú”. The study concludes that while there is no evidence of a new speech community emerging, there is a
convergence in pronominal use across diverse Hispanic neighborhoods, suggesting linguistic accommodation in written language.
These findings contribute to our understanding of pronominal treatment in diasporic contexts and highlight the complexity of
address forms in Spanish.
Keywords: pronouns of address, linguistic landscape, Hispanic Philadelphia, Spanish in the US, tu, usted, speech acts, linguistic accommodation, tuteo, voseo
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 2.1Pronouns of address in Spanish and accommodation in the U.S.
- 2.2Pronouns of address in the Linguistic Landscape
- 3.Method
- 4.Results
- 5.Discussion
- 6.Conclusions
- Acknowledgement
-
References
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