Edited by Robert M. DeKeyser and Goretti Prieto Botana
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 52] 2019
► pp. 127–154
The role of explicit information (EI) has long been debated in second language acquisition. Numerous studies report null effects for EI (e.g., VanPatten and Oikennon, 1996) calling for its diminution, whereas just as many point to its facilitative potential (e.g., VanPatten et al., 2013 and others), suggesting it should remain part of instruction. Previous EI studies varied with respect to the targeted learning problem, practice conditions, and EI accessibility throughout the experiment, factors which could hold the key to the divergent results found in the literature. In order to address this, a study was conducted to assess the effects of (a) multiple vs. no exposure to EI when targeting (b) learnability problems of structural vs. semantic nature and (c) under task-essential (TE) and non-task-essential practice conditions. One hundred and thirty learners of Spanish were randomly assigned to eight experimental conditions and a control group. After treatment, participants completed picture-matching, fill-in-the-gap and sentence interpretation tasks. Immediate posttest results revealed that EI was crucial for benefits to obtain under non-TE conditions whereas under TE conditions it appeared to be expendable depending on the task.