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Part of
Cross-theoretical Explorations of Interlocutors and their Individual Differences
Edited by Laura Gurzynski-Weiss
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 53] 2020
► pp. 127–158

Chapter 6
Variationist perspective(s) on interlocutor individual differences

| Indiana University

The variationist perspective provides tools for modeling language use in context by incorporating the influences of social and linguistic factors in the interactional setting. These influencing factors include speaker characteristics (age, regional origin), characteristics of the setting (formality), and characteristics of other participants in the interaction (Geeslin & Long, 2014). In second language research, these factors can describe change over time (i.e., development) and the acquisition of sociolinguistic competence (i.e., the ability to modify one’s speech in socially acceptable ways across settings) (Canale & Swain, 1980; Tarone, 2007). While the variationist perspective is well equipped for addressing the role of the interlocutor, the potential of variationist tools has not been fully exploited. The present chapter reviews existing variationist research, provides a new model that includes these interlocutor-related factors, and proposes a research agenda for moving forward.

Keywords: individual differences, models of language use, second language variation, sociolinguistic competence, variation
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • An overview of the variationist approach
  • A focus on the interlocutor
  • Empirical studies on interlocutors
    • Existing research: Second languages
  • Moving forward
  • Conclusion: Variationism and the interlocutor
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 21 January 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.53.06gee
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