Language rights and groups of immigrant origin
The case of language claims in the Spanish cities in North Africa
In this article, I aim to analyse language rights in relation to groups of immigrant origin. Liberal democracies
are reluctant to consider immigrant groups as subjects entitled to the same set of language and cultural rights enjoyed by
national minorities. However, the trend towards increasing levels of immigration is configuring new cultural and language
correlations within territorial boundaries that provoke responses that problematise a fixed conception of language rights. Drawing
on theories of liberal multiculturalism, I examine the case of claims for language recognition in the Spanish autonomous cities of
Ceuta and Melilla and its normative implications. In these territories, factors such as size, concentration, and the historical
ties of Arabic- and Berber-speaking communities challenge conventional approaches to minority groups’ rights based on a national
versus immigrant minority distinction. I argue that these approaches are not satisfactory for language claims in these two cities
and that a contextual approach is better suited to conceptualising the recognition of language rights.
Article outline
- Introduction
- The context
- Historical shape of Ceuta and Melilla
- Claims for language recognition at national level
- Sources of legitimacy
- Deliberation and recognition
- Challenges to normative approaches to multiculturalism and minority rights: Applications and problems
- The national versus immigrant minority distinction
- Descendants of groups of immigrant origin
- Lessons from the case study: A contextual approach
- Conclusion
- Notes
-
References
References
Application of the ECRML in Spain
Initial Monitoring Cycle (2005) [URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Application of the ECRML in Spain
.
Third Monitoring Cycle (
2012)
[URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Application of the ECRML in Spain
.
Fourth Monitoring Cycle (
2016)
[URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Application of the ECRML in Spain
.
Fifth Monitoring Cycle (
2019)
[URL] (accessed 19/02/20).
Arteaga, F.
(
2014)
España Mirando al Sur: del Mediterráneo al Sahel.
Informe del Real Instituto Elcano 181.
Bauböck, R.
(
1996)
Cultural Minority Rights for Immigrants.
International Migration Review, 30 (1): 203–250.
Carens, J.
(
2000)
Culture, Citizenship, and Community: A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Choudhry, S.
(
2002)
National Minorities and Ethnic Immigrants: Liberalism’s Political Sociology.
Journal of Political Philosophy, 10 (1): 54–78.
CICODE
(
2015)
Construir Ciudadanía Intercultural. Granada: GEEPE.
Council of Europe
(
2008)
White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue: Living Together as Equals in Dignity. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
ECRML
(
1992)
[URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Erdocia, I.
(
2019)
Medium of Instruction Ideologies: Accommodation of Multilingualism in the Bilingual Regime of Navarre.
Current Issues in Language Planning, 19 (4): 1–25.
Explanatory Report to the ECRML
(
1992)
[URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Fernández, A.
(
2015)
Repensar las Fronteras Lingüísticas del Territorio Español: Melilla, entre Mosaico Sociológico y Paradigma Lingüístico.
Estudios de Lingüística Universidad de Alicante, 291: 105–126.
Fernández, A.
(
2016)
Nacionalismo y Representaciones Lingüísticas en Ceuta y en Melilla.
Revista de Filología Románica, 33 (1): 23–46.
Gans, C.
(
2001)
Historical Rights: The Evaluation of Nationalist Claims to Sovereignty.
Political Theory, 29 (1): 58–79.
González, C.
(
2008)
Los Frenos al Pluralismo Cultural en Territorios de Soberanía Discutida: Los Casos de Ceuta y Melilla.
Revista de Estudios Políticos, 1401: 135–161.
INE.
(
1987)
Estudio Estadístico de las Comunidades Musulmanas de Ceuta y Melilla. Madrid: INE.
Kloss, H.
(
1971)
Language Rights of Immigrant Groups.
International Migration Review, 5 (2): 250–268.
Kraus, P.
(
2008)
A Union of Diversity: Language, Identity and Polity-Building in Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kukathas, C.
(
2004)
Contextualism Reconsidered: Some Skeptical Reflections.
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 7 (2): 215–225.
Kymlicka, W.
(
1995)
Multicultural Citizenship. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W., & A. Patten
(Eds.) (
2003a)
Language Rights and Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W., & A. Patten
(
2003b)
Language Rights and Political Theory.
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 231: 3–21.
Lægaard, S.
(
2015)
Multiculturalism and Contextualism: How is Context Relevant for Political Theory? European Journal of Political Theory, 14 (3): 259–276.
Lægaard, S.
(
2019)
Contextualism in Normative Political Theory and the Problem of Critical Distance.
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 22 (4): 953–970.
Léger, R., & H. Levis
(
2017)
Normative Political Theory’s Contribution to Language Policy Research.
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38 (7): 577–583.
Levy, J.
(
2007)
Contextualism, Constitutionalism, and Modus Vivendi. In
A. S. Laden &
D. Owen (Eds.),
Multiculturalism and Political Theory (pp. 173–197). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
May, S.
(
2017)
National and Ethnic Minorities: Language Rights and Recognition. In
S. Canagarajah (Ed.),
The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language (pp. 149–167). New York: Routledge.
Melilla
(
2014)
Pacto Social por la Interculturalidad.
[URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Meyer, F.
(
2005)
Die Städte der Vier Kulturen: Eine Geographie der Zugehörigkeit und Ausgrenzung am Beispiel von Ceuta und Melilla (Spanien/Nordafrika). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Modood, T., & S. Thompson
(
2018)
Revisiting Contextualism in Political Theory: Putting Principles into Context.
Res Publica, 24 (3): 339–357.
Moscoso, F.
(
2013)
El Árabe de Ceuta. Argumentos para su Cooficialidad. In
P. Santillán,
L. M. Pérez, &
F. Moscoso (Eds.),
Árabe Marroquí: De la Oralidad a la Enseñanza (pp. 95–124). Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.
Oakes, L.
(
2017)
Normative Language Policy and Minority Language Rights: Rethinking the Case of Regional Languages in France.
Language Policy, 16 (4): 365–384.
Oakes, L. & Y. Peled
(
2018)
Normative Language Policy: Ethics, Politics, Principles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Observatorio Andalusí
(
2016)
Estudio Demográfico de la Población Musulmana. Exploración Estadística del Censo de Ciudadanos Musulmanes en España Referido a Fecha 31/12/2015. Madrid: UCIDE.
Osborn, A.
(
2002),
August 27).
Arabic: A language for Belgium? The Guardian. Retrieved from
[URL]
Parekh, B.
(
2006)
Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Parvin, P.
(
2018)
Democracy without Participation: A New Politics for a Disengaged Era.
Res Publica, 24 (1): 31–52.
Patten, A.
(
2003)
Can the Immigrant/National Minority Dichotomy be Defended? In
S. Macedo, &
A. Buchanan (Eds.),
Secession and Self-Determination (pp. 174–189). New York: New York University Press.
Patten, A.
(
2014)
Equal Recognition: The Moral Foundations of Minority Rights. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Peled, Y.
(
2014)
Normative Language Policy: Interface and Interferences.
Language Policy, 13 (4): 301–315.
Pidd, H.
(
2011),
February 28).
Germany Hits Back after Turkish PM Tells Immigrants to Resist Assimilation.
The Guardian. Retrieved from
[URL]
Ramírez, S.
(
1987),
February 3).
Estrecha Vigilancia Policial en Melilla para Prevenir Nuevos Brotes de Violencia.
ABC. Retrieved from
[URL]
Ricento, T., Y. Peled, & P. Ives
(Eds.) (
2015)
Language Policy and Political Theory: Building Bridges, Assessing Breaches. New York: Springer.
Rontomé, C.
(
2012)
Ceuta, Convivencia y Conflicto en una Sociedad Multiétnica. Ceuta: UNED.
Rontomé, C., J. M. Cantón Gálvez, & I. Lázaro
(
2014)
Los Usos Lingüísticos de la Poblacion de Ceuta. Ceuta: IEC.
Rubio-Marín, R.
(
2003)
Exploring the Boundaries of Language Rights: Insiders, Newcomers, and Natives. In
S. Macedo, &
A. Buchanan (Eds),
Secession and Self-Determination (pp. 136–174). New York: New York University Press.
Sánchez, S.
(
2010)
El Abandono Escolar Temprano en las Ciudades de Ceuta y Melilla. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación.
Stojanović, N.
(
2017)
Normative Political Theory, Democratic Politics and Minority Rights.
Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 20 (1): 101–113.
Third Periodical Report of Spain’s Compliance with the ECRML 2006–2009
(
2010)
[URL] (accessed 01/07/19).
Van Parijs, P.
(
2011)
Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wee, L.
(
2011)
Language without Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Weinstock, D.
(
1999)
Le Probleme de la Boîte de Pandore. In
M. Seymour (Ed.),
Nationalité, Citoyenneté et Solidarité (pp. 17–40). Montreal: Editions Liber.
Young, I. M.
(
1997)
A Multicultural Continuum: A Critique of Will Kymlicka’s Ethnic-Nation Dichotomy.
Constellations, 4 (1): 48–53.
Zapata-Barrero, R.
(
2016)
Theorising Intercultural Citizenship. In
N. Meer,
T. Modood, &
R. Zapata-Barrero (Eds),
Multiculturalism and Interculturalism: Debating the Dividing Lines (pp. 53–76). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Erdocia, Iker
2020.
The politics of plurilingualism: Immersion, translanguaging, and school autonomy in Catalonia.
Linguistics and Education 60
► pp. 100865 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 april 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.