Introduction
Young language learners and the intercultural domain
Emerging perspectives
Article outline
- A Focus on Teachers
- Intercultural Communicative Competence and Young Learners
- Empirical Research and Intercultural Learning with Young Learners 2009–2024
- The Children in Empirical Research on Intercultural Learning
- Longer Term Projects that Included an Investigation into Intercultural Learning
- Byram’s ICC Model and Young Learners
-
The ICC Model as Guide for Teaching and Learning
-
Political Education and Young Learners
- Virtual Exchange and Intercultural Learning
- Picturebooks for Intercultural Learning
- The Special Issue Articles
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
References
References (83)
References
Alcaraz-Mármol, G. (2020). Developing
intercultural communication in the EFL primary education classroom: Internationalization through virtual team collaboration
with eTwinning/Desarrollo de la comunicación intercultural en inglés como lengua extranjera en educación
primaria. Tejuelo. Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura.
Educación, 321, 147–170. 

Atay, D., Kurt, G., Çamlibel, Z., Ersin, P., & Kaslioglo, O. (2009). The
role of intercultural competence in foreign language teaching. Inonu University Journal of the
Faculty of
Education, 10(3), 123–135.
Barrett, M. (2007). Children’s
knowledge, beliefs and feelings about nations and national groups. Psychology Press. 

Barrett, M., & Golubeva, I. (2022). From
intercultural communicative competence to intercultural citizenship. Preparing young people for citizenship in a culturally
diverse democratic world. In T. McConachy, I. Golubeva, & M. Wagner (Eds.), Intercultural
learning in language education and beyond. Evolving concepts, perspectives and
practices (pp. 60 – 83). Multilingual Matters. 

Barton, A., Bragg, J., & Serratrice, L. (2009). ‘Discovering
Language’ in primary school: an evaluation of a language awareness programme. Language Learning
Journal, 37(2), 145–164. 

Bildner, P. (2014). The Soccer Fence: A story of friendship, hope, and Apartheid in South Africa (J.J. Watson, Illus.). G.P. Putnam’s Sons Books for Young Readers.
Bland, J. (2013). Children’s
literature and learner empowerment. Bloomsbury.
Bland, J. (2023). Compelling
stories for English language learners: Creativity, interculturality and critical
literacy. Bloomsbury.
Blell, S., & Doff, S. (2014). It
takes more than two to tango: Moving beyond the self/other binary in teaching about culture in the global EFL
classroom. Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen
Fremdsprachenunterricht, 19(1), 78–96.
Breka, O., & Petravić, A. (2015). Foreign
language teachers and the intercultural dimension in primary education. Croatian Journal of
Education, 17(2), 27–41. 

Brewster, J., Ellis, G., & Girard, D. (2002). The
primary English teacher’s guide (2nd Ed.). Pearson Education.
Brunsmeier, S. (2019). Primary
teachers’ knowledge when initiating intercultural communicative competence. TESOL
Quarterly, 51 (1), 145–155. 
Brunsmeier, S. (2021). A
task-based framework for intercultural learning in the primary EFL classroom. European Journal
of Applied Linguistics and
TEFL, 10(2), 103–124. 

Byram, M. (1994). Teaching
and learning language and culture. Multilingual Matters. 

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching
and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters
Byram, M. (2008). From
foreign language learning to education for intercultural citizenship: Essays and
reflections. Multilingual Matters. 

Byram, M. (2021). Teaching
and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Revisited (2nd
Ed.). Multilingual Matters. 

Byram, M., Barrett, M., Ipgrave, J., Jackson, R., & Méndez García, M. C. (2009). Autobiography
of intercultural encounters: Version for younger learners. Council of Europe Publishing. [URL]
Byram, M., & Doyé, P. (1999). Intercultural
competence and foreign language learning in the primary
school. In P. Driscoll, & D. Frost (Eds.), The
teaching of modern foreign languages in the primary
school (pp. 138 – 151). Routledge.
Byram, M., Conlon Perugini, D., & Wagner, M. (2013). The
development of intercultural citizenship in the elementary school Spanish classroom. Learning
Languages, 18 (1), 16–31.
Byram, M., Golubeva, I., Hui, H., & Wagner, M. (2017). From
principles to practice in education for intercultural citizenship. Multilingual Matters.
Byram, M., Porto, M., & Wagner, M. (2021). Ethical
issues in teaching for intercultural citizenship in world/foreign language education. TESOL
Quarterly, 5(1), 308–321. 

Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching
English to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
Christensen, P., & Prout, A. (2002). Working
with ethical symmetry in social research with
children. Childhood, 9(4), 477–497. 

Conway, C., & Richards, H. (2016). Lunchtimes
in New Zealand are cruel: reflection as a tool for developing language learners’ intercultural
competence. The Language Learning
Journal, 46(4), 371–383. 

Curtain, H., & Dalhberg, C. A. (2014). Languages
and children: Making the match. New languages for young learners, Grades K-8 (4th
Ed.). Pearson.
Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective
teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. 

Dee, J. (2020). The
little green jacket. Jodi Dee Publishing.
Delanoy, W. (2015). Literature
teaching and learning: Theory and practice. In W. Delanoy, M. Eisenmann, & F. Matz (Eds.), Learning
with literature in the EFL
classroom, (pp. 19–47). Peter Lang. 

Dooly, M., & Vinagre, M. (2022). Research
into practice: Virtual exchange in language teaching and learning. Language
Teaching,
55
,(3) 392–406. 

Doyé, P. (1999). The
intercultural dimension. Foreign language education in the primary
school. Cornelsen.
Driscoll, P. (2017). Considering
the complexities of teaching intercultural understanding in foreign
languages. In J. Enever, & E. Lindgren (Eds.), Early
language learning. Complexity and mixed methods. Multilingual Matters. 

Driscoll, P., & Simpson, H. (2015). Developing
intercultural understanding in primary schools. In J. Bland (Ed.), Teaching
English to young learners: Critical issues in language teaching with
3–12-year-olds (pp. 147–166). Bloomsbury Academic.
East, M., Tolosa, C., Howard, J., Biebricher, C., & Scott, A. (2022). Journeys
towards intercultural capability in language classrooms: Voices from students, teachers and
researchers. Springer. 

Enever, J. (Ed.), (2011). ELLIE
— Early language learning in Europe. British Council. [URL]
European Commission. (2018). Reference
framework of competences for democratic culture: Volume 1: Context, concepts and
model. Council of Europe Publishing.
Furnes, L. K., & Birketveit, A. (2020). Development
of intercultural competence among a class of 5th graders using a picture book. Nordic Journal
of Language Teaching and
Learning, 8(2), 113–139. 

Garton, S., & Copland, F. (2019). The
Routledge handbook of teaching English to young
learners. Routledge.
Golubeva, I., Wagner, M., & McConachy, T. (2022). Introduction. In T. McConachy, I. Golubeva, & M. Wagner (Eds.), Intercultural
learning in language education and beyond. Evolving concepts, perspectives and
practices (pp. xxi – xxx). Multilingual Matters. 

Gray, J. (2001). The
global coursebook in English language teaching. In: D. Block, & D. Cameron, (Eds.). Globalization
and language
teaching, (pp. 151–167). Routledge.
Hawkins, E. (1999). Foreign
language study and language awareness. Language
Awareness, 8(3–4), 124–142. 

Haznedur, B., & Uysal, H. H. (Eds.), (2010). Handbook
for teaching foreign languages to young learners in primary schools. Ani Yanincilik.
Heggernes, S. L. (2021). A
critical review of the role of texts in fostering intercultural communicative competence in the English language
classroom. Educational Research
Review. 331, 100390, 1–12. 

Hurst, N., & Franco, C. (2021). Documents
and domains: Aspects of intercultural education in English language teaching (ELT) in
Portugal. Linguarum
Arena, 121, 63–76. 

ICEPELL Consortium, (2022). The ICEGuide:
A handbook for intercultural citizenship education through picturebooks in early English language
learning. CETAPS, NOVA FCSH.
Jaatinen, E. R. (2015). Promoting
interculturalism in primary school children through the development of encountering skills: a case study in two Finnish
schools. Education
3–13. 43(6) 731–742. 

Jacobsson, E., Layne, H., & Dervin, F. (2023). Children
and interculturality in education. Routledge. 

Johnstone, R. (2002). Addressing
‘The age factor’: Some implications for languages policy. Council of Europe. [URL]
Jones, J., & Coffey, S. (2016). Modern
foreign languages 5–11. A guide for teachers. (3rd Ed). David Fulton. 

Kirsch, C. (2008). Teaching
foreign languages in the primary school. Continuum.
Kolb, A., & Schocker, M. (2021). Teaching
English in the primary school: a task-based introduction for pre — and in-service
teachers. Klett/Kallmeyer.
Kuchah, K., & Pinter, A. (2021). Researching
young language learners in school contexts: Setting the
scene. In A. Pinter, & K. Kuchah (Eds.), Ethical
and methodological issues in researching young language learners in school
contexts, (pp.1 – 21). Multilingual Matters. 

Lagou, F., & Zorbas, V. (2020). Promoting
intercultural communicative competence through CLIL in Greek primary education. Language
Teaching Research
Quarterly. 171, 1–19. 

Lau, S. (2016). Intercultural
education through a bilingual children’s rights project: reflections on its possibilities and challenges with young
learners, Intercultural
Education, 26(6), 469–482. 

Lundy, L. (2007). ‘Voice’
is not enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child. British Educational Research
Journal 33(6), 927–942. 

Matsuo, C. (2012). A
critique of Michael Byram’s intercultural communicative competence model from the perspective of model type and
conceptualization of culture. Fukuoka University Review of Literature &
Humanities, 441, 347–380. [URL]
Moon, J. (2000). Children
learning English. Macmillan.
Morgado, M. (2019). Intercultural
mediation through picturebooks. Comunicação e Sociedade
2019, 163–183. 

Morgan, A. M. (2011). Me,
myself, I: Exploring conceptions of self and others in Indonesian names and pronouns with early
learners. Babel, 45(2–3), 26–34.
Mourão, S. (2023). Picturebooks
for intercultural learning in foreign language education. A scoping review. Zeitschrift für
interkulturellen
Fremdsprachenunterricht, 28(1), 173–209. 

Okumura, S. (2020). Design
and implementation of a telecollaboration project for primary school students to trigger intercultural
understanding. Intercultural
Education, 31(4), 377–389. 

Pérez Gracia, E., Serrano Rodríguez, R., & Carpio, A. J. (2020). Promoting
interculture through content and competences within bilingual education: teachers in
action. Intercultural
Education, 31(4), 407–426. 

Perugini, D. C. (2018). Discovering
modes of transportation. In M. Wagner, C. Perugini, D., & M. Byram (Eds.), Intercultural
competence across the age range. From theory to
practice (pp. 42–59). Multilingual Matters.
Pinter, A. (2017). Teaching
young language learners (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press.
Porto, M. (2016). Ecological
and intercultural citizenship in the primary English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom: an online project in
Argentina, Cambridge Journal of
Education, 46(4), 395–415. 

Porto, M. (2018). ‘Yo
antes no reciclaba y esto me cambio por completo la consiencia’: intercultural citizenship education in the English
classroom. Education
3–13, 46(3), 317–334. 

Porto, M., Daryai-Hansen, P., Arcuri, M. E., & Schifler, K. (2017). Green
Kidz: Young learners engage in intercultural environmental citizenship in the English language classroom in Argentina and
Denmark. In M. Byram, I. Golubeva, I. H. Hui, & M. Wagner (Eds.), From
principles to practice in education for intercultural
citizenship, (pp. 131–158). Multilingual Matters.
Read, C. (2022). Creating
a model for intercultural competence in early years and primary
ELT. In D. Valente, & D. Xerri (Eds.), Innovative
practices in early English language
education (pp. 57 – 80). Palgrave Macmillan. 

Risager, K. (2022). Intercultural
communicative competence: Transnational and decolonial
developments. In T. McConachy, I. Golubeva, & M. Wagner (Eds.), Intercultural
learning in language education and beyond. Evolving concepts, perspectives and
practices, (pp. 3–21). Multilingual Matters. 

Risager, K. (2007). Language
and culture pedagogy. From a national to a transnational paradigm. Multilingual Matters. 

Rohrer, P., & Kagan, L. (2018). Using
the five senses to explore cities. In M. Wagner, D. C. Perugini, & M. Byram (Eds.), Teaching
intercultural competence across the age range: From theory to
practice, (pp. 60–79). Multilingual Matters
Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. (2014). Teaching
young learners English — From theory to practice. National Geographic Learning.
Silvey, P., & Gräfnitz, S. (2018). Houses
around the world. In M. Wagner, D. C. Perugini, & M. Byram (Eds.), Teaching
intercultural competence across the age
range, (pp. 22–41). Multilingual Matters.
Sims Bishop, R. (1990). Mirrors,
windows, and sliding glass doors. Perspectives: Choosing and Using Books for the
Classroom 6(3), ix–xi.
Sowa, E. (2014). Addressing
intercultural awareness-raising in the young learner EFL classroom in Poland: Some teacher
perspectives. In Rich, S. (Ed.), International
perspectives on teaching English to young
children, (pp. 104–122). Palgrave Macmillan. 

Turek, A. (2013). Engaging
young learners in L2 research. In C. Ciarlo, & D. S. Giannon (Eds.), Language
Studies Working
Papers, (pp. 32–40). University of Reading.
Taronna, A. (2012). Prospective
primary English teachers’ training: Developing intercultural competence through multiethnic children’s
literature. In M. González Davies, & A. Taronna (Eds.), New
trends in early foreign language learning. The age factor, CLIL and languages in contact — bridging research and good
practices, (pp. 157–171). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Tsatzali, K., & Beazidou, E. (2023). Suggested
practices for developing intercultural communication competences in early English language lessons based on a systematic
literature review. European Journal of Education and
Pedagogy, 4(3), 1–9. 

Wagner, M., Perugini, D. C., & Byram, M. (2018). Teaching
intercultural competence across the age range. Multilingual Matters.
Valente, D., & Mourão, S. (2022). Picturebooks
as vehicles: Creating materials for pedagogical action. Children’s Literature in English
Language Education
Journal, 10(2), 1–26.
Wang, H., Xu, T., & Zhang, M. (2023). A
mixed method study on Chinese primary school EFL teachers’ preparation, affecting factors and support needed to implement
intercultural foreign language teaching. PLoS
ONE 18(4): e0284146. 

Wang, Y., Weng, H., & Li, Y. (2019). Language
ideologies and English in Chinese primary education, Asian
Englishes, 22(2), 179–194. 
