Article published In:
Review of Cognitive Linguistics: Online-First ArticlesIntertextual satire in media discourse
Conceptual blends
The paper investigates intertextual satire in media discourse from the cognitive linguistic perspective. Within
the frameworks of conceptual blending theory and the theory of precedent-related phenomena, we examine the cognitive processes of
producing and understanding intertextual satire. By modelling conceptual integration networks, we aim to specify the cognitive
mechanisms and operations involved in decoding intertextual satirical articles, drawing on examples from Private
Eye magazine. The study demonstrates that the basic cognitive mechanism involved in creating intertextual satire is
blending, and, in contrast to ironic utterances, which involve two contexts, in intertextual satire one and the same scenario
unfolds in three contexts: real, fictional, and satirical. Thus, the blend that occurs as a result of combining real and fictional
scenarios is verbalised and obvious to the recipient. The emergent structure, based on the blend, represents the intended
(non-verbalised) meaning of intertextual satire, namely indirect criticism of the real situation under focus.
Keywords: intertextual satire, precedent-related phenomenon, incongruity, mental spaces, blending, emergent structure, conceptual integration, cognitive operation, frame
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 2.1Satire in the media: Main approaches, key notions, dominant trends
- 2.2Intertextuality and the theory of precedence
- 2.3Conceptual integration theory
- 3.Method and material
- 3.1Data collection
- 3.2Procedure of analysis
- Irony
- Intertextual satire
- 4.Analysis and discussion
- 4.1Tweedledom and Tweedlelee Both Sacked
- 4.2Abel and Cain in Huge Split
- 4.3Cruella De Vil Furious at “Ghislaine Maxwell” Comparison
- 5.Conclusions
-
References
References (84)
Adams, B. B. (1999). Jonson’s “Epicoene” and the complex plot. Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England,
11
1, 172–225.
Bilyk, O., Bylytsia, U., Doichyk, O., Ivanotchak, N., & Pyliachyk, N. (2022). COVID-19
metaphoric blends in media discourse. Studies about
Languages,
40
1, 17–33. 

Boukes, M., Boomgaarden, H., Moorman, M., & de Vreese, C. (2015). At
odds: Laughing and thinking? The appreciation, processing, and persuasiveness of political
satire. Journal of
Communication,
65
1, 721–744. 

Brewer, P. R., Young, D. G., & Morreale, M. (2013). The
impact of real news about “Fake News”: Intertextual processes and political
satire. International Journal of Public Opinion
Research,
25
(3), 323–343. 

Carter, S. (2021). Intertextuality
and satire: Ben Jonson’s Poetaster. In Early Modern
Intertextuality (pp. 85–105). Early Modern Literature in History. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. 

Cochrane, L. (2019, Wednesday,
23). Heads up: Why powerbands are not just for Sloanes. The
Guardian. Available online: [URL]
Colletta, L. (2009). Political
satire and postmodern irony in the age of Stephen Colbert and Jon Stewart. The Journal of
Popular
Culture,
42
(5), 856–874. 

Colson, H. L. (2002). Contrast
and assimilation in verbal irony. Journal of
Pragmatics,
34
(1), 111–142. 

Coulson, S. (2001). Semantic
leaps: Frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction. Cambridge University Press. 

(2002). What’s
so funny?: Conceptual integration in humorous examples. In V. Herman, (Ed.): The
poetics of cognition: Studies of Cognitive Linguistics and the verbal arts. Cambridge University Press.
(2005). Extemporaneous
blending: Conceptual integration in humorous discourse from talk
radio. Style,
39
1, 107–122.
Coulson, S., & Oakley, T. (2005). Blending
and coded meaning: Literal and figurative meaning in cognitive semantics. Journal of
Pragmatics,
37
(10), 1510–1536. 

Day, A. (2011). Satire
and dissent: Interventions in contemporary political debate. Indiana University Press. 

Doichyk, O. (2011). Postmodernistska ironiia Dzhuliana Barnsa: linhvokohnityvnyi analiz [Julian Barnes’ Postmodernist Irony: Cognitive Linguistic Analysis]. The Journal of
V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Foreign Philology. Methods of Foreign Language
Teaching,
972
1, 112–118.
(2012). Aliuzii yak zasib vyrazhennia ironii v idiostyli Dzhuliana Barnsa: linhvokohnityvnyi
analiz [Allusions as the textual means of irony representation in Julian
Barnes’ idiostyle: Cognitive linguistic analysis]. The Journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National
University. Series: Foreign Philology. Methods of Foreign Language
Teaching,
1023
1, 104–108.
(2015). Kohnityvnyi vymir ironii v idiostyli Dzh. Barnsa [Cognitive
perspective on irony in J. Barnes’ idiostyle]. The Journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National
University. Series: Foreign Philology. Methods of Foreign Language
Teaching,
1155
(80), 34–39.
(2016). Linhvokohnityvni parametry kompleksnoi ironii v idiostyli Dzh Barnsa [Linguo-cognitive properties of complex irony in J. Barnes’ idiostyle]. The Journal
of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Foreign Philology. Methods of Foreign Language
Teaching,
83
1, 66–72.
Dynel, M. (2011). The
pragmatics of humour across discourse domains. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 

(2012). Garden
paths, red lights and crossroads: On finding our way to understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying
jokes. Israeli Journal of Humor
Research,
1
(1), 6–28.
Džanić, N. D., & Berberović, S. (2010). On
politicians in big women’s sunglasses driving buses with their feet in mouths: Late-night political humour and conceptual
integration
theory. Jezikoslovlje,
11
(2), 197–214.
Elgot, J. & Walker, P. (2019, September, 5). Jo
Johnson quits as MP and minister, citing ‘national interest’. The
Guardian. Available online: [URL]
Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual
integration networks. Cognitive
Science,
22
(2), 133–187. 

(2002). The
way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York City: Basic Books.
Forabosco, G. (1992). Cognitive
aspects of the humor process: The concept of incongruity. Humor: International Journal of Humor
Research,
5
(1–2), 45–68. 

Gibbs Jr., R. W., & Colston, H. L. (Eds.). (2007). Irony
in language and thought: A cognitive science reader. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Graham, C. (2020, July 11). ‘I’m
no Cruella de Vil’: Ghislaine Maxwell insists she is not an ‘evil villain’, had not seen Jeffrey Epstein in 15 years, did not
introduce Prince Andrew to him and is being moved from cell to cell in prison for her
safety. Mail Online. Available online: [URL]
Gray, J. (2006). Watching
with The Simpsons: Television, parody, and
intertextuality. London: Routledge.
Hislop, I. (2011, April, 30). Provocateur
in the public eye. Independent. Available
online: [URL]
Holbert, R. L., Hmielowski, J., Jain, P., Lather, J., & Morey, A. (2011). Adding
nuance to the study of political humor effects: Experimental research on juvenalian satire versus horatian
satire. American Behavioral
Scientist,
55
(3), 187–211. 

Jones, J. P. (2010). Entertaining
politics: Satiric television and political
engagement. USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Kirby, D. (2020, July 12). Ghislaine
Maxwell is no ‘Cruella de Vil’ say friends ahead of New York court
hearing. inews. Available online: [URL]
Kristeva, J. (1980). Desire
in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art. New York: Columbia University Press.
LaMarre, H. L., Landreville, K. D., & Beam, M. A. (2009). The
irony of satire: Political ideology and the motivation to see what you want to see in The Colbert
Report. The International Journal of
Press/Politics,
14
(2), 212–231. 

LaMarre, H. L., & Walther, W. (2013). Ability
matters: Testing the differential effects of political news and late-night political comedy on cognitive responses and the
role of ability in micro-level opinion formation. International Journal of Public Opinion
Research,
25
(3), 303–322. 

LaMarre, H. L., Landreville, K. D., Young, D., & Gilkerson, N. (2014). Humor
works in funny ways: Examining satirical tone as a key determinant in political humor message
processing. Mass Communication and
Society,
17
(3), 400–423. 

Landreville, K. D., & LaMarre, H. L. (2013). Examining
the intertextuality of fictional political comedy and real-world political news. Media
Psychology,
16
(3), 347–369. 

LeBoeuf, M. (2007). The
power of ridicule: An analysis of satire. Senior Honors Projects. Paper
63. University of Rhode Island. Available
online: [URL]
Lee, H., Kwak, N., & Campbell, S. W. (2015). Hearing
the other side revisited: The joint workings of cross-cutting discussion and strong tie homogeneity in facilitating
deliberative and participatory democracy. Communication
Research,
42
(4), 569–596. 

Levko, O. (2020). Precedent
units as a means of manipulation in Ukrainian religious media discourse: Psycholinguistic
approach. Psycholinguistics,
28
(2), 99–127. 

Lundmark, C. (2003, July 20–25). Puns
and blending: The case of print advertisements. [Paper
presentation].
8th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Theme session on
cognitive-linguistic approaches to humour
. Logroño,
Spain. Available online: [URL]
Maslo, A. N. (2019). Parsing
satirical humor: A model of cognitive-linguistic satire analysis. Književni
jezik, 231–253. 

Michael, T. (2020, July, 12). Ghislaine
Maxwell’s pals claim she’s not a Cruella de Vil-style ‘evil villain’ despite evidence she was Epstein’s
pimp. The U.S. Sun. Available online: [URL]
Murphy, S. (2020, November, 15). Dominic
Cummings and Lee Cain departure: what really happened? The
Guardian. Available online: [URL]
Nabi, R. L., Moyer-Gusé, E., & Byrne, S. (2007). All
joking aside: A serious investigation into the persuasive effect of funny social issue
messages. Communication
Monographs,
74
(1), 29–54. 

Nikonova, V., Boiko, Y., Savina, Y. (2019). Incongruity-specific
British and American humour from the perspective of translation studies. Studies About
Languages,
35
1, 89–103. 

Nilsen, A. & Nilsen, D. (2008). Literature
and humor. In V. Raskin (Ed.), The
primer of humor
research (pp. 243–280). Berlin & New York: De Gruyter Mouton. 

Oakley, T. (2016). Conceptual
integration and fictive interaction. Literary Universals
Project. University of Connecticut, USA.
O’Connell, J. (2021). Bowie’s
books. The hundred literary heroes who changed his
life. London: Bloomsbury.
Quinn, B. (2019, September, 5). A
family divided: How Brexit fractured the Johnsons. The
Guardian. Available online: [URL]
Rebrii, O. V., & Nashenko, G. V. (2015). Pretsedentni imena yak problema khudozhnoho perekladu [Precedent Names as a Problem of Literary Translation]. Visnyk KhNU im. VN Karazina. Seriya
Inozemna
Filologiya,
81
1, 273–280.
Rebrii, O., & Tashchenko, G. V. (2019). Cultural
specifics of precedent names as a factor of cognitive equivalence in translation. Cognition,
Communication,
Discourse,
18
1, 119–128. 

Ribeiro, A. S. (2016). Satirical
discourse and intertextuality: The dialogic construction of satirical authority in Die
Fackel. Oxford German
Studies,
45
(4), 444–458. 

Ritchie, G. D. (1999). Developing
the Incongruity-Resolution Theory. In Proceedings of AISB symposium
on creative language: Stories and
humour (pp. 78–85). Edinburgh
Ruiz, J. H. (2009). Understanding
Tropes: At the crossroads between pragmatics and cognition. Frankfurt am Mein: Peter Lang.
Ruiz Gurillo, L., & Alvarado Ortega, M. B. (Eds.). (2013). Irony
and humor: From pragmatics to discourse. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 

Selivanova, O. (2006). Suchasna
lingvistyka: terminologichna entsyklopediya [Modern linguistics: terminological
encyclopaedia]. Poltava: Dovkillia.
Shultz, T. R. (1976). A
cognitive-developmental analysis of humour. In A. J. Chapman & H. C. Foot (Eds.), Humor
and laughter: Theory, research, and
applications (pp. 11–36). NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Simpson, P. (2003). On
the discourse of satire: Toward a stylistic model of satirical humor. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 

(2011). “That’s
not ironic, that’s just stupid”: Towards an eclectic account of the discourse of
irony. In M. Dynel (Ed.), The
pragmatics of humour across discourse
domains (pp. 33–50). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 

Skalicky, S. (2018). Lexical
priming in humorous satirical newspaper
headlines. Humour,
31
(4), 583–602. 

Suls, J. M. (1983). Cognitive
processes in humor appreciation. In P. E. McGee & J. H. Goldstein (Eds.), Handbook
of humor research: Vol. 1: Basic
issues (pp. 39–57). New York: Springer-Verlag. 

Syal, R., Sabbagh, D., & Walker, P. (2020, November, 13). End
of macho era: what to expect now Dominic Cummings has gone. The
Guardian. Available online: [URL]
Tashchenko, G. V. (2017). Cognitive
equivalence as a criterion of the precedent name Translation. Science and Education a New
Dimension.
Philology,
39
(143), 54–56.
Torchynska, N., Shymanska, V., Gontsa, I., & Dudenko, O. (2021). Intertextuality
as an Integral Component of the Modern Ukrainian Discourse (on the Example of Literary and Journalistic
Styles). Postmodern
Openings,
12
(4), 255–271. 

The Book of Genesis. Available at: [URL]
The Emperor Has No
Clothes. In: BookBrowse. Available
at: [URL]
Velykoroda, Y. (2012). Pretsedentni fenomeny v amerykanskomu mediynomu dyskursi (na materiali chasopysiv “Time” ta
“Newsweek [Precedent-related phenomena in American media discourse (on the
basis of “Time” and “Newsweek” magazines)]. [Doctoral
dissertation, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv].
(2016). Ludic
function of precedent-related phenomena in media discourse. Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk
Precarpathian National
University,
3
(4), 70–75. 

(2019). Conceptual
metaphorisation through precedent related phenomena in media discourse. Studies about
Languages,
34
1, 32–45. 

Velykoroda, Y., & Moroz, O. (2021). Intertextuality
in media discourse: A reader’s
perspective. ExELL,
9
(1), 56–79. 

Walker, P., Sabbagh, D. &, Syal, R. (2020, November 13). Boris
Johnson boots out top adviser Dominic Cummings. The
Guardian. Available online: [URL]
Yurchyshyn, V. (2021a). Linguopragmatic
Features of Persuasive Power of Satire Based on Private Eye Magazine. European Scientific
Journal,
ESJ,
17
(24), 10–27. 

(2021b). Zasoby realizatsii strukturnykh elementiv satyry za metodolohiieiu P. Simpsona (na materiali brytanskoho
mediadyskursu) [Means of Realisation of structural Elements of Satire in
British Media Discourse (Based on P.Simpson’s Methodology)]. Scientific notes of V. I. Vernadsky
Taurida National University, Series: Philology.
Journalism,
2
(1), 233–239. 

(2021c). Linhvoprahmatychni kharakterystyky satyry v brytanskomu mediinomu dyskursi [Linguopragmatic features of satire in British media discourse]. PhD
thesis, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University.