Part of
Corpus Approaches to Grammaticalization in EnglishEdited by Hans Lindquist and Christian Mair
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 13] 2004
► pp. 33–55
Edited by Hans Lindquist and Christian Mair
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 13] 2004
► pp. 33–55
Have to, gotta, must?
Grammaticalisation, variation and specialization in English deontic modality
Quantitative analysis of forms used to express obligation/necessity in a variety of northern British English reveal that must is decreasing across generations. Instead of a marked increase in got to and gotta as reported for southern varieties of British English, these forms are used very little. Instead, there is stable variability between have to and have got to.
Multivariate analysis of internal and external factors contributing to the different forms demonstrates that have got to is favoured for generic statements, while have to is favoured for stative, personal statements. However, there is no significant effect of age or sex. It is suggested that have to and have got to both remain vigorous in this variety due to specialization of their respective functions.
Cited by
Cited by 15 other publications
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.