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Part of
Spanish Learner Corpus Research: Current trends and future perspectives
Edited by Margarita Alonso-Ramos
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 78] 2016
► pp. 333–337

Index

A

  • academic earner corpus7
  • accuracy 21, 120, 121, 124, 130, 137, 174
  • acoustic invariance theory203
  • ambiguity 241–243, 246, 249, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260–262
    • verb form 178–179, 181, 185
  • American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) 7, 15, 174, 175, 176
  • analysis of variance (ANOVA) 133, 134, 212, 216, 220, 223n8, 225, 226
  • annotation
    • automatic 62n6, 67–69, 89, 95–100
      • collocation 9, 300, 306–308, 326
      • error 12, 19, 103, 327
      • interlanguage (ILA)246
      • manual 299, 308, 326
      • morphological 20, 67–69
      • multi-layer 91, 92, 165
      • PoS20
  • annotator
    • inter-annotator agreement 99, 110
    • consensus 307–308
  • Aprescrilov 11, 14, 21, 143, 144, 145, 147–150, 155–158, 161–165
  • argumentative 15, 40, 41, 49, 50, 66, 119, 121–123, 127, 131, 132, 134, 148, 244, 271, 272, 303, 316
  • article 20, 90, 104–109, 162, 163, 319n9 325
    • acquisition of 92–94
    • errors93
    • definite 20, 92–94, 105–107, 107n4, 110
    • indefinite 92–94, 105–107, 107n4
    • underuse 103, 105
    • use of 20, 92–94, 104–106, 110, 325
  • Aspect Hypothesis118
  • auditory theories 203, 204
  • authenticity 35, 170
  • Avoid Pronoun Principle260

B

  • base 300, 305, 308, 309, 310, 314, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323–326 ; see also collocate
  • bidirectionality 242, 251
  • borrowing 96, 326
  • British National Corpus 43, 60

C

  • CAF 120, 130, 137 ; see also complexity, accuracy, fluency
  • Cambridge Learner Corpus 17, 50
  • change-of-state verbs 21, 149, 149n6, 150–154, 165
  • Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts (CHAT) 94, 122, 124, 128, 129, 130
  • Chi-square (χ2) 154n16, 165, 249, 253n9, 312, 312n4, 312n5, 313, 315, 322
  • Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES) 46, 61, 118, 122, 128, 130, 138
  • Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN) 91, 122, 128, 129–131, 132
  • code-mixing 75, 76
  • code-switching 76, 277
  • collocate 300, 305, 308, 309, 310, 312, 314, 315, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323–326 ; see also base
  • collocational competence 301, 323
  • Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) 7, 11, 14, 15, 44, 50, 63, 92, 93, 103, 172, 174n4, 199, 209
  • communication task 40–41
  • communicative competence268
  • comparative fallacy 7, 8, 47, 90, 91
  • comparative multivariable analysis 183, 189
  • complexity 21, 120, 121, 127, 130, 137 ; see also CAF
  • Computer-aided Error Analysis (CEA) 3, 7, 8, 10, 34, 57, 89, 90
  • computer-mediated communication corpora12
  • conditional probability108
  • connectionist theories204
  • Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA) 3, 7, 8, 34, 57, 89, 90, 92, 94, 105, 109, 110, 146
  • contrastive-focus 237, 238, 239, 247, 261
  • control group 12, 89, 93, 94, 109
  • Corpus of Academic Learner English (CALE)7
  • Corpus de aprendices de español (CAES) 3, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 55, 62–80
  • Corpus de Aprendices Taiwaneses de Español (CATE)12
  • Corpus de Textos Escritos para el Análisis de Errores de Aprendices de E/LE (CORANE) 11, 60
  • Corpus escrito del español L2 (CEDEL2) 11, 12n16, 14, 17, 22, 23, 61, 135, 243–246, 267, 270–273, 280, 281n9, 284, 287, 300, 305, 306, 308, 314, 323, 326
  • corpus interface 90, 103–104
  • Corpus multilingüe de aprendizes (CoMAprend)12
  • Corpus Multilíngue para Ensino e Tradução (CoMET)12
  • Corpus Oral de Español como Lengua Extranjera (CORELE) 10, 14, 20, 89, 90, 110
  • Corpus Oral Interlengua Español Italiano (CORINÉI)10
  • corpus-based 16, 20, 33, 56, 75, 110, 118, 120, 128, 132, 143, 171, 235, 241, 260, 262, 270
  • corpus-driven 16, 75
  • coursebooks17see also teaching material, didactic material
  • cross-sectional 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 118

D

  • D score 131, 133–136 ; see also measure D
  • data collection 7, 13, 14, 15, 34, 39–41, 44, 46, 50, 57, 61, 63, 66, 119, 121–122, 132, 178–183, 209
  • data-driven learning17
  • descriptive 14, 21, 148, 149, 161–164, 244, 271, 272
  • didactic intervention 161–165
  • didactic material 144, 147, 150, 153, 154
  • Diploma de Español como Lengua Extranjera (DELE) 5, 6, 17, 65, 219
  • disambiguation 62n6, 63, 67–69, 72, 256, 257, 259

E

  • elicitation tasks 41, 46, 118, 138, 301
  • English as a foreign language (EFL) 16, 17, 23, 38, 47, 48, 49, 145, 300, 302, 303, 304, 314, 315, 316, 327
  • English as a second language (ESL) 38, 145
  • English Language Teaching (ELT)47
  • English Profile17
  • error8
    • agreement 20, 21, 149, 155–160
    • analysis 310, 319–321 ; see also collocation error
    • analysis (EA) 11n15, 23, 90, 93, 109, 144, 145, 154, 302
    • annotation 12, 19, 92, 327
    • article93
    • categories 162–163, 304, 308
    • collocation 23, 299, 300, 303–305, 318–322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328
    • creation 320, 321 ; see also collocation error
    • detection 18, 308
    • grammatical 303, 305, 319–323, 324, 325, 328 ; see also Acollocation error
    • interlingual 322–325 ; see also collocation error
    • interlingual/transfer325see also collocation error
    • intralingual322see also collocation error
    • lexical 320, 322–327 ; see also collocation error
    • rate323
    • substitution 320, 321, 324 ; see also Acollocation error
    • synthesis 310, 319, 320, 321 ; see also collocation error
    • taxonomy303
    • typology 300, 304, 305, 307, 319, 321, 324
    • -tagged corpus 8, 17, 165
    • -tagging 9, 57, 80, 90, 175
  • European Spanish 8, 75n12
  • experimental 16, 19, 39, 40, 41, 118, 137, 154, 235, 236, 237, 241, 243, 301
  • expository148
  • Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology307
  • external variables 178, 179, 180, 207, 228, 231

F

  • false friends 20, 23, 55, 74–79, 268, 270, 294
    • partial 74–76
    • total75
  • Feature Competition Model (FCM)205
  • FireAnt 19, 19n21
  • French Learner Language Oral Corpus (FLLOC)91
  • fluency 21, 120, 121, 127, 130, 137, 175, 268 ; see also CAF
  • Fono.ele 10, 10n14, 15, 22, 199, 201, 211, 223n6
  • foreign language acquisition 199, 207, 230
  • foreign language learning 16, 147, 214
  • foreign language syllabi23
  • foreign language teaching (FLT) 16, 90, 143, 149n7, 172, 172
  • FreeLing 20, 68

G

  • gender 49, 67, 199, 201, 211, 214, 216, 220, 229, 230
  • generic reference105
  • genre 6, 10, 19, 37, 43, 49, 61, 121, 127, 132, 146, 149, 163, 164, 165, 172, 244, 271, 272, 294
  • Givenness Hierarchy,241
  • gramatical gender 95, 105, 130, 155, 156, 157, 160–162, 235, 243, 248, 252, 256–258, 260, 262, 289, 319, 321
  • grammaticality judgement 93, 118
  • GRAMPAL 20, 89, 95

H

  • heritage language learners 6, 21, 22, 169, 171n2, 173, 176
  • heritage speakers 9n13, 169, 171n2
  • hesitation phenomena 178, 187–188, 189
  • hypothesis-finding16
  • hypothesis-testing16

I

  • Informativeness/Economy Principle 22, 260–262
  • Instituto Cervantes 3, 5, 6, 11, 20, 62
  • interactional meaning 268n1, 275
  • Interface Hypothesis (IH) 238, 239, 242
  • interference 11, 21, 23, 144, 147, 149n7, 150, 154, 165, 267, 268, 269, 269n2, 270, 274, 279, 283, 284, 288, 292, 293, 294 see also L1 interference
    • first-degree 269, 270, 274–279
    • second-degree 269, 270, 279–287
    • third-degree 269, 270, 279–287
  • interjection 274, 277
  • interlanguage (IL) 9n11, 11, 11n15, 16, 21, 22, 47, 58, 74, 90, 91, 103, 109, 119, 120, 144,154, 201, 208, 214, 222, 235, 236, 267
    • interlanguage phenomena 94, 96, 107
  • internal variables178
  • International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage (ICCI)38
  • International Corpus of English (ICE)33
  • International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE) 17, 33, 34, 38, 43, 47–50, 80
  • interpretation tasks118

L

  • L1
    • background 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 18, 89, 131
    • interference 11, 21, 294
    • influence 110, 205, 223n7, 237, 322, 325
    • transfer 200, 299, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327
  • L2
    • acquisition 170, 200, 246, 248, 262 ; see also second language acquisition
    • development 118, 121, 124, 137, 138
    • materials design58see also teaching material
    • phonetic acquisition230
    • phonetic perception 199, 202–205
    • proficiency 7, 18, 172, 174, 176, 188, 229
  • language development117
  • language pedagogy47
  • language proficiency assessment171
  • language teaching 19, 23, 33, 34, 57, 60, 80, 89, 120, 143, 149n7
  • language testing 18, 58, 171,
  • Languages and Social Networks Abroad Project (LANGSNAP) 7, 10, 20, 21, 117–138
  • learners™ collocation use 299, 304, 327, 328
  • learner variable 41, 44, 49, 91, 244
  • learner™s dictionary 9, 16
  • lemma 35, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 92, 95, 96, 103, 104, 106, 110, 308, 310, 312, 317
    • collocation lemma 304, 304n1, 308, 308n3, 309
    • lemma/token ratio 23, 309, 310, 312, 314, 317, 327
  • lemmatisation 67, 99
  • level of Spanish 65, 66, 172n2, 217, 220
  • lexical development 121, 131, 132
  • lexical diversity 20, 21, 117, 130–137, 304, 308, 309, 317, 327
  • Lexical Function (LF) 300, 306, 312n4, 313, 317, 327
  • lexical poverty 163, 164
  • lexical unit (LU) 89, 90, 95–97, 99, 105, 109
  • lexical-pragmatic failure 22, 23, 267, 268, 270, 272, 287, 292, 293
  • lexico-grammatical richness164see also lexical diversity
  • linguistic development 120, 121, 130, 132 ; see also language development
  • local learner corpus 48, 50
  • longitudinal 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 21, 34, 92, 93, 117–119, 120, 121, 122, 137, 138, 143, 146,160, 187
  • Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS) 43, 47
  • Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI) 40, 48

M

  • machine-readability35
  • machine-readable texts 34, 39
  • Manner/Clarity Principle 22, 261, 262
  • Maxim of Quantity260
  • Maxim of Manner260
  • measure D131see also D score
  • MERLIN4
  • metadata 11, 103, 128, 149
  • misuse 49, 292, 294
  • mother tongue 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 37, 38, 49, 60, 61, 89, 90, 94, 103, 146, 149n7, 199, 200, 214, 293 ; see also L1
  • motor theory 200, 203
  • multiword unit 12, 95, 96, 97, 99, 119 ; see also multiword expression
  • multilingual learner corpus12
  • multimodal corpus 6, 9, 9n13, 18, 21
  • Multimodal Learner Corpus Exchange (LETEC)59
  • Multimodal Learning and Teaching Corpora (MULCE)59
  • multiword expression 23, 299

N

  • narrative 10, 14, 15, 40, 41, 50, 93, 94, 119, 121, 124, 125, 127, 132–134, 136, 148, 271, 272, 284
  • National Institute of Communications Technology Japanese Learner English Corpus (NICT JLE)40
  • native corpus 43, 89, 100, 243, 315n8
  • Native Language Magnet (NLM) 205–207
  • natural language processing 18, 20, 90
  • naturalistic 19, 36, 39, 41, 46, 244, 301
  • negative transfer268see also interference
  • novice Spanish language teacher 9, 21, 171n2, 173, 175, 176
  • null subject 13, 22, 176, 177, 178, 181, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 259, 262

O

  • obligatory occasion analysis 93, 93n1, 109
  • online resource 17, 169
  • Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM)205
  • open corpus80
  • opportunistic learner corpus13
  • oral proficiency 121, 169, 174, 174n4, 189, 190
  • overt pronoun 177, 181, 183, 184, 187–189, 189n7, 235–242, 247, 248, 250–254, 256, 257, 260, 261
  • overt subject 177, 240, 241, 246
  • overuse 8, 57, 90, 104, 150, 254, 255, 274, 294, 299
    • of overt pronouns 241, 242, 245, 260
    • of null pronouns 241, 244
    • of the particle oh 293
    • of collocations 301–303, 313, 315–317, 327

P

  • panhispanic approach6
  • parsing 91, 110
  • Part of Speech (PoS) tagging 19, 20, 23, 89, 91, 95, 122, 128, 165
  • Part-of-Speech (PoS) tagged corpus 10, 12, 91, 92, 100, 109, 110, 122
  • pedagogical 8, 16, 55, 58, 60, 78, 94, 110, 147, 325
  • perception
    • test 22, 199, 201, 209, 231
    • salience269
    • phonetic 199, 201, 202–207, 208, 212, 222, 230
    • phonic 22, 199, 200
  • Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) 205–207
  • pluricentric Spanish 3, 6
  • PoS categories 91, 94
  • Position of Antecedent Strategy (PAS) 240, 248, 254, 258, 259, 261
  • pragmatic deficits243
  • pragmatic failure 268–270, 272, 280, 284, 287, 288, 291, 294 ; see also lexical-pragmatic failure
  • pragmatic felicity 246, 248
  • Pragmatic Principles Violation Hypothesis 22, 235, 243, 261, 262
  • pro-drop/null-subject parameter236
  • procedural meaning289
  • production 18, 20, 22, 23, 78, 93, 103, 104, 106, 107, 118, 119, 134, 137, 144, 145, 146, 171n2, 173, 174n4, 187, 188, 190, 199, 200, 201, 207, 219, 235, 243, 250, 251, 253, 256, 271, 284, 300, 323, 327
    • elicited 40–41, 301
    • learners' 89, 91, 92, 100, 105, 315, 325
    • native speakers' 90, 110
    • non native90
    • oral 61, 100, 110, 133, 240, 269
    • phonetic 222, 229–231
    • spoken50
    • strategy 301, 303, 304, 324, 326, 327
    • written 50, 93, 132, 240, 241
  • proficiency level 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 37, 41, 49, 60, 64, 65, 67, 69, 69n11, 71, 74, 75, 89, 92, 93, 103, 103, 146, 149, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 174n4, 175–178, 183, 184, 187, 188, 238, 244, 262, 301, 323, 328
  • pronominal subject expression 22, 169, 177, 181, 183
  • pseudo-longitudinal149see also quasi-longitudinal
  • psycholinguistics16

Q

  • qualitative analysis 22, 267, 275
  • quasi-longitudinal144see also pseudo-longitudinal

R

  • redundancy 240, 243, 249, 252, 253, 255, 261, 262
  • register 43, 79, 272, 305, 319
  • regular expression72
  • reliability 67, 110, 161, 171, 246
  • repertoire of collocates 303, 309
  • representativeness 13, 33, 34, 37, 42, 48, 171, 208, 271
  • residence abroad 21, 120, 121, 132, 137 ; see also stay abroad

S

  • sample size 33, 37, 38, 42, 44, 131
  • sampling 33, 34, 36–37, 41–46, 48, 131
    • frame 36, 41, 48, 49
    • non-probability37
    • simple random 36, 37
    • stratified random37
    • unit36
  • search interface 92, 148
  • search tool 11, 20, 55, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 91, 94
  • second language acquisition (SLA) 10, 12, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 33, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, 55–57, 89–91, 103, 110, 118–120, 122, 128, 137, 138, 143, 145, 155, 170, 171, 173, 176, 177, 189, 190, 235, 236, 244, 262 ; see also L2 acquisition
  • second language acquisitionists 92, 94, 103
  • semantic extension 267, 269, 270, 274, 294
  • semantic simplification 267, 269, 269n3, 270
  • Servicio Internacional de Evaluación de la Lengua Española (SIELE) 6, 17
  • SLA development118
  • SLA-tagging91see also tagging
  • social network services50
  • social networks 19, 121, 209
  • Spanish as a foreign language(SFL) 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 17, 18, 20, 23, 56, 57n1, 62, 63, 65, 80, 103, 143–147, 149n7, 150–155, 161, 165, 201, 208, 246, 299, 300, 304, 305, 308, 314, 315, 323, 326–328
  • Spanish as a second language (L2) 5, 10, 19, 24, 55, 56, 60, 74, 117, 169, 267, 293
  • Spanish Corpus Proficiency Level Training (SPT) 6, 9, 20, 21, 21n2, 170–174, 176, 177, 181, 184, 189–191
  • Spanish Corpus of Italian learners (SCIL)12
  • Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpora (SPLLOC) 9, 10, 22, 61, 91, 92, 94, 117, 124, 125, 128, 129, 138, 267, 270, 272–275, 276n6, 278, 280, 284, 285, 287, 293, 294
  • spoken corpus 9, 10, 23
  • stay abroad 4, 21, 120, 244 ; see also residence abroad
  • students of Spanish 5, 11, 12, 57n1, 58, 61, 63, 65, 144, 147, 190, 208
  • subject pronouns 20, 169, 177, 178, 181, 193, 263, 265
  • Suecos aprendices de español lengua extranjera (SAELE)12
  • support verb 302, 312, 315, 317, 327
  • syntactic patterns (of collocations) 304, 308, 310–311, 313, 315, 317, 327
  • syntax-discourse interface 22, 235, 237, 238, 239, 250, 262
  • syntax-discourse/pragmatic interface187

T

  • tagger 91, 95, 129, 249 ; see also FreeLing, GRAMPAL
  • tagging 245–246 ; see also error-tagging
  • tagging system 62n6, 67–69, 72, 80
  • tagset 91, 95–98, 235, 246–249, 254, 262
  • target hypothesis 8–9
  • target population 36–38, 42, 48, 50
  • task variables 41, 42, 49, 149n6, 171, 244
  • teaching material 5, 18, 23, 24, 56, 152, 160
  • Teaching of English as a Foreign Language (TEFL)47
  • text encoding67
  • text types 42–43, 49, 148, 156, 160, 272
  • The Anglia Polytechnic University Learner Spanish Corpus13
  • topic-continuity 22, 238–244, 248, 250–251, 253, 258–262
  • topic shift 22, 238–245, 248, 250–251, 255–262
  • transfer
    • negative transfer268
    • positive transfer 240, 269, 293 ; see also L1 transfer
  • type-token ratio (TTR) 131, 303, 314

U

  • UAM Corpus Tool 61, 249
  • underuse 8, 57, 113, 114, 294
    • of collocations 23, 302–303, 313, 315, 316, 327
    • article 20, 94, 103, 105, 110
    • unidirectionality242

V

  • variationist multivariable analysis183
  • varieties 8, 33, 90–91, 105
    • American5
    • geographical 5, 7–8
    • interlanguage8
    • non-peninsular 5, 6
    • of English33
    • of Spanish 3, 5–7, 75n12, 189n7, 245 ; see also European Spanish
    • reference language 8, 90
  • videotaped corpus 169, 171, 173

W

  • word coinage 75, 76
  • written corpus 11, 12, 19, 50, 173

X

  • XML documents67
  • XML transcription files276n6