Negation in Functional Discourse Grammar
The purpose of this chapter is to show that the model of Functional Discourse Grammar can be used to provide a detailed classification of expressions of negation by taking its hierarchical, layered structure as the point of departure. The chapter thus follows up on ideas first launched in Dik (1997) concerning the various layers of Functional Grammar at which polarity operators can apply. FDG has introduced a number of additional layers which can also host the negative operator to those recognized in FG, and it has furthermore introduced the distinction between the Representational (semantic) and Interpersonal (pragmatic) Levels. We will argue that operators with a negative value can be found at all layers of both the Interpersonal and the Representational Levels. We illustrate all these types and show how their scope properties and their formal manifestation and behaviour warrant their identification in the grammar.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Existing treatments of negation
- 3.The Representational Level
- 3.1P-negation
- 3.2Ep-negation
- 3.3E-negation
- 3.4Fc-negation
- 3.5Fl-negation
- 3.6$-negation
- 3.7Zero-quantification
- 3.8Summary
- 4.Negation at the Interpersonal Level
- 4.1A-negation: Rejection
- 4.2F-negation: Prohibition & co.
- 4.3C-negation: Denial
- 4.4T-negation: Metalinguistic negation
- 4.5R-negation: Metalinguistic negation
- 4.6Negation at IL – Summary
- 5.Double occurrences of negation
- 6.Conclusion
-
Notes
-
References
References
Bernini, Giuliano & Ramat, Paolo
1996 Negative Sentences in the Languages of Europe: A Typological Approach. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bond, Oliver
2011 Negation in clause linkages. In
Language Documentation and Description 9,
Julia Sallabank (ed.), 77–120. London: SOAS.
Bond, Oliver
2013 A base for canonical negation. In
Canonical Morphology and Syntax,
Dunstan Brown,
Marina Chumakina &
Greville G. Corbett (eds), 20–47. Oxford: OUP.
Cinque, Guillermo
(ed.) 2002 Functional Structure in DP and IP, Vol. 1: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures. Oxford: OUP.
Dahl, Östen
2010 Typology of negation. In
The Expression of Negation,
Laurence R. Horn (ed.), 9–38. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
De Clercq, Karen
2013 A Unified Syntax of Negation. PhD dissertation, University of Ghent.
De Clercq, Karen & Vanden Wyngaerd, Guido
2017 Why affixal negation is syntactic. In
Proceedings of the West Coast Conference in Formal Linguistics 34, 151–158. Somerville MA: Cascadilla Press.
Dik, Simon C.
1997 The Theory of Functional Grammar, Part II: Complex and Derived Constructions,
Kees Hengeveld (ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dryer, Matthew S.
2005 Negative morphemes. In
The World Atlas of Language Structures,
Martin Haspelmath,
Matthew S. Dryer,
David Gil &
Bernard Comrie (eds), 454–457. Oxford: OUP.
Fukushima, Kazuhiko
2016 Morphological headedness and negation: Empirical/conceptual implications. Paper presented at the 2016 meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea.
Givón, Talmy
2001 Syntax: An Introduction, 2 Vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Grygar-Rechziegel, Adela
1988 Negative verbal units: Notes on negation and prefixation in Czech.
Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics 11: 193–233.
Haegeman, Liliane
1995 The Syntax of Negation. Cambridge: CUP.
Hengeveld, Kees & Dall’Aglio Hattnher, Marize Mattos
2015 Four types of evidentiality in the native languages of Brazil.
Linguistics 53(3): 479–524.
Hengeveld, Kees & Mackenzie, J. Lachlan
2008 Functional Discourse Grammar: A Typologically-based Theory of Language Structure. Oxford: OUP.
Horn, Laurence R.
1985 Metalinguistic negation and pragmatic ambiguity.
Language 61: 121–174.
Horn, Laurence R.
2001 A Natural History of Negation, reissue edn. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
Horn, Laurence R. & Wansing, Heinrich
2016 Negation. In
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2016 edn),
Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
[URL].
Huddleston, Rodney & Pullum, Geoffrey K.
2002 The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP.
Jespersen, Otto
1917 Negation in English and Other Languages. Copenhagen: Høst.
Johansson, Lars
1995 On Turkic converb clauses. In
Converbs in Cross-Linguistic Perspective,
Martin Haspelmath &
Ekkehard König (eds), 313–347. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Klima, Edward S.
1964 Negation in English. In
The Structure of Language,
Jerry A. Fodor &
Jerrold J. Katz (eds), 246–323. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kornfilt, Jaklin
1997 Turkish. London: Routledge.
Labov, William
1972 Negative attraction and negative concord in English grammar.
Language 48: 773–818.
Lieber, Rochelle
2005 English word-formation processes. In
Handbook of Word-Formation,
Pavol Štekauer &
Rochelle Lieber (eds), 375–427. Dordrecht: Springer.
Lyons, John
1977 Semantics. Cambridge: CUP.
MacDonald, Lorna
1990 A Grammar of Tauya. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mackenzie, J. Lachlan
2009 English fail to as a periphrastic negative: An FDG account.
WP-FDG: Web Papers in Functional Discourse Grammar 82: The London Papers I: 1–28.
Mackenzie, J. Lachlan
2013 The family of secondary predications in English: An FDG view.
Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 67: 43–58.
Miestamo, Matti
2005 Standard Negation: The Negation of Declarative Verbal Main Clauses in a Typological Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Olbertz, Hella & Honselaar, Wim
2017 The grammaticalization of Dutch moeten: Modal and post-modal meanings. In
The Grammaticalization of Tense, Aspect, Modality, and Evidentiality: A Functional Perspective,
Kees Hengeveld,
Heiko Narrog &
Hella Olbertz (eds), 273–300. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Ouhalla, Jamal
1990 Sentential negation, relativised minimality and the aspectual status of auxiliaries.
The Linguistic Review 7: 183–231.
Schmid, Hans-Jörg
2013 Is usage more than usage after all? The case of English not that
.
Linguistics 51(1): 75–116.
Searle, John R. & Vanderveken, Daniel
1985 Foundations of Illocutionary Logic. Cambridge: CUP.
Seki, Lucy
2000 Gramática do Kamaiurá: Língua Tupi-Guarani do Alto Xingu. Campinas SP: Editora da Unicamp.
Smit, Niels & van Staden, Miriam
2007 Representational layering in Functional Discourse Grammar.
Alfa: Revista de Lingüística 51(2): 143–164.
Tikkanen, Bertil
1995 Burushaski converbs in their South and Central Asian areal context. In
Converbs in Cross-Linguistic Perspective,
Martin Haspelmath &
Ekkehard König (eds), 487–528. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
van der Auwera, Johan & Van Alsenoy, Lauren
Van Valin Jr., Robert D. & LaPolla, Randy J.
1997 Syntax: Structure, Meaning and Function. Cambridge: CUP.
Willis, David, Lucas, Christopher & Breitbarth, Anne
(eds) 2013 The History of Negation in the Languages of Europe and the Mediterranean. Oxford: OUP.
Zanuttini, Raffaella
1997 Negation and Clausal Structure: A Comparative Study of Romance Languages. Oxford: OUP.
Zeijlstra, Hedde
2013 Not in the first place.
Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 31: 865–900.
Cited by
Cited by 3 other publications
Hasler, Felipe, Ricardo Pineda, Daniela Aristegui, Mariana Poblete & Consuelo Sandoval
2023.
Negation in the Huarpean Languages: Millcayac and Allentiac.
Forma y Función 36:1
Portero-Muñoz, Carmen
2022.
“It’s way too intriguing!” The fuzzy status of emergent intensifiers: A Functional Discourse Grammar account.
Open Linguistics 8:1
► pp. 618 ff.
Velasco, Daniel García
2022.
Modification and context.
Open Linguistics 8:1
► pp. 524 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.