Information Status and Noncanonical Word Order in English

Betty J. Birner | University of Pennsylvania

Gregory Ward | Northwestern University

Hardbound – Available

ISBN 9789027230430 (Eur) | EUR 115.00

ISBN 9781556199264 (USA) | USD 173.00

e-Book –

ISBN 9789027281906 | EUR 115.00 | USD 173.00

This work provides a comprehensive discourse-functional account of three classes of noncanonical constituent placement in English – preposing, postposing, and argument reversal – and shows how their interaction is accounted for in a principled and predictive way. In doing so, it details the variety of ways in which information can be 'given' or 'new' and shows how an understanding of this variety allows us to account for the distribution of these constructions in discourse. Moreover, the authors show that there exist broad and empirically verifiable functional correspondences within classes of syntactically similar constructions.
Relying heavily on corpus data, the authors identify three interacting dimensions along which individual constructions may vary with respect to the pragmatic constraints to which they are sensitive: old vs. new information, relative vs. absolute familiarity, and discourse- vs. hearer-familiarity. They show that preposed position is reserved for information that is linked to the prior discourse by means of a contextually licensed partially-ordered set relationship; postposed position is reserved for information that is 'new' in one of a small number of distinct senses; and argument-reversing constructions require that the information represented by the preverbal constituent be at least as familiar within the discourse as that represented by the postverbal constituent. Within each of the three classes of constructions, individual constructions vary with respect to whether they are sensitive to familiarity within the discourse or (assumed) familiarity within the hearer's knowledge store. Thus, although the individual constructions in question are subject to distinct constraints, this work provides empirical evidence for the existence of strong correlations between sentence position and information status. The final chapter presents crosslinguistic data showing that these correlations are not limited to English.

[Studies in Language Companion Series, 40] 1998. xiv, 314 pp.

Publishing status:

https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.40

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments | p. xi

1. Introduction | p. 1

Preposing and Postposing Constructions
Theoretical Framework
Data
Notational Conventions

2. Preposing | p. 31

Topicalization
Focus Preposing
Left-Dislocation
Summary

3. Postposing | p. 97

General Constraints
Definites in ‘There’-Sentences
Right-Dislocation
Summary

4. Argument Reversal | p. 155

Inversion
Passivization
PP Preposing with ‘There’-Insertion
Summary

5. Noncanonical Word Order and Discourse Structure | p. 213

Commonalities and Differences Across Constructions
Linking Relations and Noncanonical Word Order
Open Propositions and Locative Constituents
Intonation
Toward a Unified Theory of Noncanonical Word Order

6. Extensions and Implications | p. 259

Crosslinguistic Extensions
Summary of Constraints on Noncanonical Word Order
Theoretical Implications

Appendix | p. 285

Index | p. 307

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