Englishes like Singapore English (SingE) are oft-used examples of “Outer Circle” or “Asian” Englishes – categories intended as sociohistorical or regional groupings, but which cannot suggest shared linguistic properties. To discuss structural similarities or differences between Englishes in an empirical way, we must engage with a typological comparison of adstrates in the specific linguistic ecology, not rely on “classification”. Crucially, ecologies are dynamic, and their careful reconstruction is vital for ascertaining specific and potentially different sources of features at different moments in a language’s development, illustrated here with the framework of linguistic eras in SingE’s evolution, focusing on particles. Change across different eras can, moreover, lead to convergence or divergence between different Englishes, regardless of the circles they move in.
2015. Coming of age, coming full circle: The (re)positioning of (Singapore) English and multilingualism in Singapore at 50. Asian Englishes 17:3 ► pp. 261 ff.
Lim, Lisa
2024. Pidgins and creoles in Southeast Asia. In The Oxford Handbook of Southeast Asian Englishes, ► pp. 54 ff.
SATO, YOSUKE
2014. Argument ellipsis in Colloquial Singapore English and the Anti-Agreement Hypothesis. Journal of Linguistics 50:2 ► pp. 365 ff.
Schreier, Daniel
2016. CarolinBiewer. South Pacific Englishes: A Sociolinguistic and Morphosyntactic Profile of Fiji English, Samoan English and Cook Islands English (Varieties of English around the World G52). Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: John Benjamins Publishing. 2015. xvi + 341 pp. Hb (9789027249128) €99.00 / US$149.00.. Journal of Sociolinguistics 20:1 ► pp. 113 ff.
Shi, Xiuhua
2013. The Glocalization of English. Journal of Developing Societies 29:2 ► pp. 89 ff.
Xing, Frank Z., Danyuan Ho, Diyana Hamzah & Erik Cambria
2018. Classifying World Englishes from a Lexical Perspective: A Corpus-Based Approach. In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 10761], ► pp. 564 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
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