Cover not available
Part of
A Language Management Approach to Language Problems: Integrating macro and micro dimensions
Edited by Goro Christoph Kimura and Lisa Fairbrother
[Studies in World Language Problems 7] 2020
► pp. 49–67

Chapter 3
Research perspectives from East Asia

Language management in contact situations

| Kanda University of International Studies

This paper presents an overview of language management in contact situations which typically involve speakers of unbalanced language ability. Rather than trying to give a comprehensive coverage of how the concept of language management has been applied to the study of contact situations, the focus here is a discussion of the theoretical significance of the concept of contact situations for the study of language management. Apart from situations involving what has been traditionally referred to as native and non-native speakers, it is suggested that further investigation into the complexity of contact situations involving speakers of diverse language backgrounds can not only contribute to the development of the theory of language management but also the broader field of language studies.

Keywords: language management, situation, foreignness, contactedness, participation
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The concept of the contact situation
  • 3.The impact of the discovery of the concept of contact situations
    • 3.1Language management as an approach grounded in the micro-level
    • 3.2Language management as process research
  • 4.Importance of languages-in-contact from the point of view of situation
  • 5.The significance of “contactedness” for further development of the theory of language management (LMT)
  • 6.Concluding remarks
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 20 May 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/wlp.7.03fan
References
Burgess, C.
(2007) Multicultural Japan? Discourse and the myth of homogeneity. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Analysis of the forces shaping the Asia-Pacific and the World, 5(3), 1–25. Retrieved August 31 2018, from [URL]
Clyne, M.
(1985) Australia, meeting place of languages. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Fairbrother, L.
(2003) Sesshoku bamen to gairaisei: Bogowasha no intāakushon kanri no kanten kara [Contact situations and foreignness: From the viewpoint of the native speakers’ management of interaction] Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Chiba: Chiba University.Google Scholar
(2015) The ‘multiform’ linguistic, sociolinguistic and sociocultural practices of plurilingual-employees in European multinationals in Japan. The Japanese Journal of Language in Society, 18(1), 162–175.Google Scholar
Fairbrother, L., Nekvapil, J., & Sloboda, M.
(2018) The language management approach: A focus on research methodology. Berlin: Peter Lang. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fan, S. K.
(1994) Contact situations and language management. Multilingua, 13(3), 237–252. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2003) Nihongo no gairaisei [Foreignness in Japanese]. In S. Miyazaki, & H. Marriott (Eds.), Sesshoku bamen to nihongo kyōiku [Contact situations and teaching Japanese as a foreign language]. (pp. 3–21) Tokyo: Meiji Shoin.Google Scholar
(2006) Sesshokubamen no taiporojī to sesshokubamen kenkyū no kadai [Typology in contact situations and research issues for the study of contact situations]. In National Language Research Institute (Ed.), Nihongo kyōiku no aratana bunmyaku: Gakushu kankyō, sesshokubamen, Komyunikēshon no tayōsei [New contexts in teaching Japanese as a second language: Learning environment, contact situations and diversity of communication] (pp. 120–141). Tokyo: Alc.Google Scholar
(2010) Ibunka sesshoku: Sesshoku bamen to gengo [Intercultural communication: Contact situations and language]. In S. Nishihara (Ed.), Gengo to shakai, kyōiku [Language and society, education] (pp. 75–99). Tokyo: Asakura Shoten.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (2014) Interaction in Japanese. Tokyo: Bonjinsha.Google Scholar
(2015) Accustomed language management in contact situations between Cantonese speaking Hong Kong employers and their Filipino domestic helpers: A focus on norm selection. Slovo a slovesnost, 76, 83–106.Google Scholar
(2017) Noting as learning: Its significance for teaching and learning Japanese in volunteer language classrooms for migrants. Sains Humanika, 9(4–2), 115–123.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Nishida, T.
(1986) Attributional confidence in low and high-context cultures. Human Commuication Research, 12, 525–549. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(1994) Bridging Japanese/North American differences. Thousand Oaks, London and New Delhi: Sage.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T.
(1976) Beyond culture. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Haugen, E.
(1953) The Norwegian language in America: A study in bilingual behavior. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hight, A.
(2012) The myth of homogeneity in Japanese race relations, demographic momentum, and projected economic role. World News Report 22 June 2012 Retrieved August 31 2018, from [URL]
Hymes, D.
(1972) Models of the interaction of language and social life. In J. Gumperz, & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics (pp. 35–71). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
(1974) Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Ishii, Y., & Kawai, H.
(2002) Nihonjin to gurobarizēshon [Japanese and globalisation]. Tokyo: Kodansha +α Shinsho.Google Scholar
Jernudd, B. H., & Neustupný, J. V.
(1987) Language planning: For whom? In L. Lafarge (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Language Planning (pp. 69–84). Québec: Les Presses de L’Université Laval.Google Scholar
Kamada, O.
(2002) Sesshoku bamen no kyōzaika: Yōroppa to Nihon o butai ni [Applying the concept of contact situation for the development of language textbooks: In Europe and in Japan]. Proceedings of the 7th Japanese language education symposium in Europe (pp. 32–46). Association of Japanese language teachers in Europe: Hungary division.Google Scholar
Kanda University of International Studies
(2011) Gaigodai ni okeru ryūgakusei kyōiku to chiiki koryū no kanōsei [The role of teaching international students in a university of foreign languages for the promotion of interaction in the local community]. Kanda University of International Studies, TokyoGoogle Scholar
Ko, M.
(2016) Language environment and language management of immigrants in Japan: An analysis of diachronic and synchronic narratives in their language biography. Global Communication Studies, 4, 169–196.Google Scholar
Ko, M., & Muraoka, H.
(2009) Nihon ni sumu Chūgoku chōsenzoku no tagengo shiyō no kanri: Kōdo suitchingu ni okeru ryūi sareta itsudatsu no bunseki [Management of multi-language usages among Chinese Koreans in Japan: An analysis of noted deviations in code-switching]. Japan Association for Language Policy, Language Policy, 5, 43–60.Google Scholar
Kon, C.
(2012) A Korean resident’s language management towards contact situations: Attempt describing from language biography. In H. Muraoka (Ed.), Diachronicity and synchronicity of foreignness. Language management in contact situations 10, (Report on Research Projects No. 248, pp. 49–67). Chiba: Chiba University, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences.Google Scholar
Marriott, H.
(1990) Intercultural business negotiations: The problem of norm discrepancy. In A. Pauwels (Ed.), Cross-cultural communication in the professions in Australia. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. Series S7 (pp. 33–65). Sydney: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Masumi-So, H.
(2016) Sesshoku bamen no sesshokusei: Kaigai zaijū Nihonjin sankasha no ishiki suru sesshokusei [Contactedness in contact situations: Contactedness perceived by overseas Japanese participants]. Sesshoku bamen no gengogaku [Linguistic studies of contact situations] (pp. 289–315). Tokyo: Coco Publishing.Google Scholar
Muraoka, H.
(1999) Neusutopunī sensei o okuru [Farewell to Professor Neustupný]. Chiba daigaku jinbun kenkyu [Humanity Studies in Chiba University], 28, 31–53.Google Scholar
(2010) How should accustomed language management in contact situations be described?: A typological approach. In H. Muraoka (Ed.), Language management and transitioning contact situations. Language management in contact situations Vol. 8 (Report on Research Projects No. 228, pp. 47–59). Chiba: Chiba University, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences.Google Scholar
Naotsuka, R.
(1980) Ōbeijin ga chinmoku suru toki: Ibunkakan no komyunikēshon [When westerners fall silent: Intercultural communication]. Tokyo: Taishukan.Google Scholar
Nekvapil, J.
(2003) Language biographies and the analysis of language situations: On the life of the German community in the Czech Republic. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 162, 63–83.Google Scholar
Neustupný, J. V.
(1973) Outline of a theory of language problems. Paper prepared for the section Language Planning at the 8th World Congress of Sociology, Toronto. Reprinted in J. V. Neustupný (1978) Post-structural approaches to language: Language theory in a Japanese context (pp. 243–257). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
(1974) Sociolinguistics and the language teacher. Linguistic Communications, 12, 1–24.Google Scholar
(1981) Gaikokujin bamen no kenkyū to Nihongo kyōiku [Studies of foreigners situations and teaching Japanese as a foreign language]. The Society for Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language. Nihongo Kyoiku, 45, 30–40.Google Scholar
(1983) Communication with the Japanese: Problems still to be solved. The Wheel Extended: A Toyota Quarterly Review, 13(1), 28–30.Google Scholar
(1985a) Problems in Australian-Japanese contact situations. In J. B. Pride (Ed.), Cross-cultural encounters: Communication and mis-communication (pp. 44–84). Melbourne: River Seine Publications.Google Scholar
(1985b) Language norms in Australian-Japanese contact situations. In M. Clyne (Ed.), Australia, meeting place of languages (pp. 161–170). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
Neustupný, J. V., Muraoka, H., & Spence-Brown, R.
(1992) Interacting with the Japanese: A comprehensive communication course (Vol. 1). Melbourne: Japanese Studies Centre.Google Scholar
Neustupný, J. V.
(1994) Problems of English contact discourse and language planning. In T. Kandiah, & J. Kwan-Terry (Eds.). English and language planning: A southeast Asian contribution (pp. 50–69). Singapore: Academic Press.Google Scholar
(2000) Nettowāku: Kihansei to intaresuto no mondai [Network: Problems of norms and interests]. In Heisei 11 nendo bunkachō Nihongo kyōiku kenkyū ishoku Nihongo kyōiku ni okeru kyōjusha no kōdō nettowāku ni kansuru chōsakenkyū: Saishū hōkoku [Final report: A study of instructors’ behaviour networks in teaching Japanese as a foreign language, a commissioned project of the Agency for Cultural Affairs in 1999] (pp. 37–52). Tokyo: The Society for Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language.Google Scholar
Sakura, M.
(2008) 4 koma Chibimaruko chan 3 [4-panel comics of Chibimaruko chan Volume 3] (p. 122). Tokyo: Shogakukan.Google Scholar
Shimoda, Y., & Tanaka, T.
(2006) Individualism-collectivism and high-low context and the relation with adaptation in Japanese students. Multicultural Relations, 3, 33–52.Google Scholar
Tanaka, H.
(2008) Allusive interaction in Japanese. The Japanese Journal of Language in Society, 10(2), 109–120.Google Scholar
Uehara, A.
(1992) Gaikokujin ryūgakusei no Nihongo jōtatsu to tekiō ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyū [A study of overseas students’ Japanese language improvement and their adaptation]. Report of Kakenhi Project 63510137.Google Scholar
Vertovec, S.
(2007) Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), 1024–1054. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Weiner, M.
(2009) Japan’s minorities: The illusion of homogeneity. Oxford: Routledge.Google Scholar
Weinreich, U.
(1953) Languages in contact: Findings and problems. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.Google Scholar
Zou, X.
(2012) The management of foreignness and language use of Chinese residents: Focusing on the use of Japanese verbs. In H. Muraoka (Ed.), Diachronicity and synchronicity of foreignness. Language management in contact situations Vol.10 (Report on Research Projects No. 248, pp. 69–87). Chiba: Chiba University, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences.Google Scholar
(2013) Foreignness management towards contact situation: A case study about life stories of Chinese residents in Japan. Journal of Studies on Humanities and Public Affairs of Chiba University, 27, 54–70.Google Scholar