In spite of its essential contribution to the formation of Hispano-American identity throughout the last five hundred years, translation has not yet reached the status of a priority research topic. Amongst least studied periods are the 16th and 17th centuries; and the Province of Venezuela lies amongst the most forgotten regions. This research intends to reveal the most significant linguistic activities of this region and particularly focuses on translation tasks—catechisms and prayer books—carried out by members of the various religious orders to whom the Spanish Crown gave the responsibility of spiritually conquering America. This descriptive study aims at pointing on research avenues for the interpretation of the transcultural nature of the relations between American colonies and Spain.