This chapter offers an overview of work in the field of cognitive research in Translation Studies. The authors discuss six processing models which apply to different theoretical frameworks: the interpretive theory of the Paris School; Bell's linguistic and psycholinguistic model; Kiraly's socio-logical and psycholinguistic model; Wilss' decision-making model: Gutt on relevance theory; and Gile's effort model. Just as linguistic and communicative theories of translation have drawn on a broad range of linguistic theory, so is cognitive Translation Studies dependent on and potentially contributing to advances in cognitive science.