Without a general theory, translation is limited to reflecting on its communication activity and will never be more than a fraction of the discipline of hermeneutics. This limitation of translation to its communication role, a role which marks a certain imprisonment in language, forms what is named the “Hermes complex”. This book intends to show that it is possible to leave this imprisonment in language by considering how the use of language takes part in the meaning of the message, how the organization of rhetoric participates in the fundamental meaning of language. Considering this, translation is moved from linguistics to aesthetics, allowing a theoretical speech on translation as an aesthetic discipline. On this path, one then finds Apollo, the god of theory and the god of arts, who gets the better of Hermes, god of language and god of the liars.