The governmental reformations of Mongolia have necessitated both the extensive transliteration of the Mongolian language from one writing system to another and the translation of a diverse multitude of documents into foreign languages. This situation presented a golden opportunity to examine what happens when an entire nation is required to radically modify its domestic use of language while also changing its linguistic representation on the international scene. In this article, the author approaches the situation of Mongolia as a case study, an example of how translation mandated by political and social changes presents both unique problems and rare opportunities for the translator.