Among Latinists: Alfred Ernout and Einar Löfstedt’s responses to the ‘Nijmegen School’ and its Christian Sondersprache hypothesis

Tim Denecker
University of Leuven

In the history of 20th-century Latin linguistics, the Catholic Dutch professors Joseph Schrijnen (1869–1938) and Christine Mohrmann (1903–1988) are known as the key figures of the ‘Nijmegen School’. They developed the disputable and indeed strongly debated hypothesis that the kind of Latin used by early Christians was a Sondersprache or langue spéciale (later Gruppensprache or langue de groupe) characterized by different types of ‘christianisms’. The aim of this article is to contribute to a critical historiography of the Nijmegen School by looking into the reception of its ideas among contemporary Latin linguists. In particular, it tries to reconstruct the evolving appraisals by Alfred Ernout (1879–1973) and Einar Löfstedt (1880–1955), on the basis of (a) the former’s reviews of studies published by the Nijmegen School (in contrast to reviews by other contemporary linguists), (b) studies published on neighbouring or overlapping subjects by Einar Löfstedt, and (c) a letter to Mohrmann from each of them, both of which are preserved in the archives of the Katholiek Documentatie Centrum in Nijmegen. In the case of Ernout, it is argued that he was probably always sceptical about the Sondersprache hypothesis, but that in his reviews of the 1930s this scepticism was mitigated to a ‘reticent’ attitude, possibly for reasons to do with the politics of science. In the case of Löfstedt, it is shown that he initially approved of the hypothesis and even integrated it into his own works, but that he gradually diverged from the Nijmegen School, partly on account of (Schrijnen and) Mohrmann’s polemical misrepresentation of his comments on gentes and pagani being semantic Umprägungen rather than Neuprägungen.

Table of contents

Jos[eph] Schrijnen (1869–1938; cf. Vonk 2009) and Christine Mohrmann (1903–1988; cf. Noordegraaf 2009b) were both leading figures at the Catholic University of Nijmegen (founded in 1923, nowadays Radboud University Nijmegen) in the predominantly Protestant Netherlands. In the history of 20th-century Latin linguistics, their names are closely tied in with the so-called Christian Sondersprache hypothesis (cf., e.g., de Ghellinck 1939, Bartelink 1991, Sheerin 1996, Burton 2008, 2011). This hypothesis has played an important role in the development of the historical (socio)linguistics of late and medieval Latin and early Romance, and at least for this reason deserves a closer historiographical investigation. The disputable and indeed intensively debated Sondersprache hypothesis can be summarized in the following way, inevitably omitting or condensing some of the changes and ‘refinements’ which were introduced between, say, 1910 and 1980.

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References

A.Archival sources

Note: All of the following items are held in, and were consulted at the Katholiek Documentatie Centrum of Radboud University Nijmegen

MOHR-91: letter from Jules Marouzeau to Christine Mohrmann, sent from Paris, dated 28.01.1938;

MOHR-117: letter from Einar Löfstedt to Christine Mohrmann, sent from Stockholm, dated 18.11.1951;

MOHR-118: letter from Alfred Ernout to Christine Mohrmann, sent from Paris, dated 02.03.1947;

SCHR-245: postcard from Einar Löfstedt to Joseph Schrijnen, sent from Berlin, dated 05.10.1936;

TEEU-16: letters from Joseph Schrijnen to Stephan/Étienne Teeuwen, sent from various places on various dates.

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BAGB = Bulletin de l’Association Guillaume Budé
BBKL = Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon
BSL = Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris
IF = Indogermanische Forschungen
REL = Revue des études latines
RPh = Revue de philologie, de littérature et d’histoire anciennes
SEJG = Sacris Erudiri
VChr = Vigiliae Christianae
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