Developmental dyslexia is one of the most extensively researched and best-known developmental cognitive disorders. It is a specific cognitive disorder, with neurobiological and genetic traces. It is typically associated with phonological processing impairment leading to below-standard print processing – inaccurate and/or nonfluent and slow decoding (reading) as well as incorrect encoding (spelling) – much less skilful and proficient than would be expected of children at a given age (Hulme and Snowling 2009).

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