Discourse markers

Uta Lenk
Table of contents

During the past two decades research concerning the functions and uses of what Longacre (1976) still called ‘mystery particles’ has developed into an impressive field of its own, resulting in extensive research on pragmatic particles in various languages. Accordingly, by now some of these ‘mystery particles’ have lost some of their mysterious character.

Full-text access is restricted to subscribers. Log in to obtain additional credentials. For subscription information see Subscription & Price.

References

Abraham, W.
(ed.) 1990 Discourse particles: Descriptive and theoretical investigations on the logial, syntactic and pragmatic properties of discourse particles in German. John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Aijmer, K.
1986 Discourse variation and hedging. In J. Aarts & W. Meijs (eds.) Corpus linguistics II: New studies in the analysis and exploitatin of computer corpora: 1–18. Rodopi.Google Scholar
Arndt, W.
1960 ‘Modal particles’ in Russian and German. Word 16(3): 323–336. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bazzanella, C.
1990 Phatic connectives as interactional cues in contemporary spoken Italian. Journal of Pragmatics 14: 629–647. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, D.
1987 Semantic constraints on relevance. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Brinton, L.
1990 The development of discourse markers in English. In J. Fisiak (ed.) 1990 Historical linguistics and philology. de Gruyter, 45–71. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1996 Pragmatic markers in English. Grammaticalization and discourse functions. Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Brody, J.
1989 Discourse markers in Tojolabal Mayan. Chicago Linguistic Society 25(2): 15–29.Google Scholar
Bublitz, W.
1988 Supportive fellow-speakers and cooperative conversations. John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Bühler, K.
1934 Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungs-funktion der Sprache. Jena.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Burkhardt, A.
1994 Abtönungspartikeln im Deutschen. Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 22: 129–151. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Casado Velarde, M.
1991 Los operadores discusivos es decir, esto es, o sea y a saber en español actual: Valores de lengua y funciones textuales. Linguistíca Española Actual 13: 87–116.Google Scholar
Chafe, W.
1994 Discourse, Consciousness, and Time. Chicago University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Clancy, P.
1985 The acquisition of Japanese. In D. Slobin (ed.) The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition, vol. 1: The Data: 373–525. Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Crystal, D.
1988 On keeping one’s hedges in order. English Today 4(3): 46–47. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Denniston, J.D.
1934 The Greek particles. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Erman, B.
1987 Pragmatic expressions in English. A study of you know, you see and I mean in face-to-face conversation. Diss. University Of Stockholm.Google Scholar
Ferrara, K.
1997 Form and function of the discourse marker anyway: Implications for discourse analysis. Linguistics 35(2): 343-378. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fraser, B.
1990 An approach to discourse markers. Journal of Pragmatics 14: 383–395. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1993 Discourse markers across language. Pragmatics and Language Learning 4: 1–16.Google Scholar
1996 Pragmatic markers. Pragmatics 6(2): 167–190.  BoP DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gumperz, J.
1982 Discourse strategies. Cambridge University Press. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Gupta, A.F.
1992 The pragmatic particles of Singapore colloquial English. Journal of Pragmatics 18: 31–57. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hakulinen, A. & E.-L. Seppänen
1992 Finnish kato: From verb to particle. Journal of Pragmatics 18: 527–49. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. & R. Hasan
1976 Cohesion in English. Longman.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Hansen, M.-B.
1995  Eh bien: Marker of comparison and contrast. In E. Engberg-Pedersen et al. (eds.) Content, Expression and Structure: Studies in Danish Functional Grammar: 315–342. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hansen, M. -B.
1997  Alors and donc in spoken French: A reanalysis. Journal of Pragmatics 28(2): 153–188. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hölker, K.
1991 Französisch: Partikelforschung. In Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik Vol 5(1): 77–88. Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Holmes, J.
1986 Functions of you know in women’s and men’s speech. Language in Society 15: 1–21. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1990 Hedges and boosters in women’s and men’s speech. Language & Communication 10(3): 185–205. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Hopper, P. & E. Traugott
1993 Grammaticalization. Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Jucker, A.
1993 The discourse marker well: A relevance-theoretical account. Journal of Pragmatics 19: 435–452. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Jucker, A. & Yael Ziv
(eds.) 1998 Discourse Markers. Descriptions and Theory. John Benjamins. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Kendon, A.
1995 Gestures as illocutionary and discourse structure markers in Southern Italian conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 23: 247–280. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Koike, D.A.
1996 Functions of the adverbial ya in Spanish narrative discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 25: 267–79. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kriwonossow, A.
1963/1977 Die modalen Partikeln in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Kümmerle.Google Scholar
Lakoff, G.
1973 Hedges: A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts. Journal of Philosophical Logic 2: 458–508. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, R.
1973 Questionable answers and answerable questions. In B. Kachru et al. (eds.) Issues in linguistics: 453–67. University of Illinois Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Lenk, U.
1995 Discourse markers and conversational coherence. In Wårvik et al. (eds.): 341–352.Google Scholar
1998a Marking discourse coherence: Functions of discourse markers in spoken English. Gunter Narr.Google Scholar
1998b Discourse markers and global coherence in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 30: 245–257. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Longacre, R.
1976 Mystery particles and affixes. Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society : 468–75.
Miller, J. & R. Weinert
1995 The function of like in dialogue. Journal of Pragmatics 23: 365–394. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nikula, T.
1996 Pragmatic Force Modifiers. A study in Interlanguage Pragmatics. University of Jyväskylä.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Onodera, N.O.
1994 Diachronic analysis of Japanese discourse markers. In A. Jucker (ed.) Historical pragmatics: 393–437. John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Östman, J.-O.
1981 You know A discourse-functional approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1982 The symbiotic relationship between pragmatic particles and impromptu speech. In N. Enkvist (ed.) Impromptu speech: 147–177. Åbo Akademi.Google Scholar
1986 Pragmatics as implicitness: An analysis of question particles in Solf Swedish, with implications for the study of passive clauses and the language of persuasion. Ph.D. Diss., University of California.Google Scholar
ÖstmanJ. -O.
1995 Pragmatic particles twenty years after. In Wårvik et al. (eds.): 95–108.Google Scholar
ÖstmanJ. -O. & B. Wårvik
1994 The Fight at Finnsburh: Pragmatic Aspects of a Narrative Fragment. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen XCV: 207–227.Google Scholar
Petersson, C. & A. Mccabe
1988 The connective and as discourse glue. First Language 8: 19–28. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Redeker, G.
1990 Ideational and pragmatic markers of discourse structure. Journal of Pragmatics 14: 367–381. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1987 Linguistic markers of discourse structure: Review of Schiffrin (1987). Linguistics 29: 1139–1172.Google Scholar
Sacks, H.
1992 Lectures on conversation. Blackwell.  BoPGoogle Scholar
Sacks, H., E. Schegloff & G. Jefferson
1974 A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50: 696–735. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schegloff, E. & H. Sacks
1973 Opening up closings. Semiotica 8: 289–327. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schegloff, E., G. Jefferson & H. Sacks
1997 The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language 53: 361–382. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schiffrin, D.
1987 Discourse markers. Cambridge: University Press. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Schourup, L.
1982 Common discourse particles in English conversation. The Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Schwenter, S.
1996 Some reflections on o sea: A discourse marker in Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 25: 855–874. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Silva, G.M. & A. Tavares De Macedo
1992 Discourse markers in the spoken Portuguese of Rio de Janeiro. Language Variation and Change 4: 235–249. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
StenströmA.-B.
1987 Carry-on signals in English conversation. In W. Meijs (ed.) Corpus linguistics and beyond: 87–119. Rodopi.Google Scholar
Suzuki, S.
1995 The functions of topic-encoding zero-marked phrases: A study of the interaction among topic-encoding expressions in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 23, 607–626. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Svartvik, J.
1979  Well in conversation. In S. Greenbaum, G. Leech & J. Svartvik (eds.) Studies in English Linguistics: 167–177. Longman.Google Scholar
De Vries, L.
1995 Demonstratives, referent identification and topicality in Wambon and some other Papuan languages. Journal of Pragmatics 24: 513–33. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Warner, R.
1985 Discourse connectives in English. New York/London: Garland.Google Scholar
Wårvik, B., S.-K. Tanskanen & R. Hiltunen
(eds.) 1995 Organization in discourse. (Anglicana Turkuensia 14). University of Turku.Google Scholar
Watts, R.
1989 Taking the pitcher to the ‘well’: Native speakers’ perception of their use of discourse markers in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 13: 203–237. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
Weydt, H.
1969 Abtönungspartikel. Gehlen.Google Scholar
1977 Ungelöst und strittig. In H. Weydt (ed.) 1977 Aspekte der Modalpartikeln. 217–225. Niemeyer.Google Scholar
1979 Die Partikeln der deutschen Sprache. de Gruyter. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar
1989 Sprechen mit Partikeln. de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Weydt, H. & K. -H. Ehlers
1987 Partikelbibliographie. Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, A.
1986 Introduction. Journal of Pragmatics 10: 519–534. DOI logo  BoPGoogle Scholar