Audiovisuaalne tõlge [Audiovisual translation]

Aline Remael
Artesis University College
tõlkija Joosep Paasmäe
Sisukord

Audiovisuaalne tõlge on hoolimata oma suhtelisest uudsusest liikunud tõlketeaduse valdkonnas viimase kahe aastakümne jooksul perifeeriast valdkonna keskmesse. Audiovisuaalse tõlke ehk AVT kõige varasem vorm võis olla tummfilmides leiduvate vahepealkirjade tõlkimine, aga kaugelt enam kasvas nõudlus AVT järele nn „rääkivate filmide” esiletõusuga 1920. aastatel ja sellest tuleneva vajadusega tõlkida filme, et kindlustada nende eksporti, mis oli USA filmitööstuse jaoks elulise tähtsusega. Katsetati tõlkimise eri vorme, sh ühe filmi erikeelseid variante, millest said kõige eelistatumaks subtitreerimine ja dubleerimine. Valik nende kahe vahel sõltus tõlgete sihtriikide majanduslikest, ideoloogilistest ja pragmaatilistest asjaoludest. Varaseimad audiovisuaalse tõlke uurimused pärinevad 1950. aastate keskpaigast ja 1960. aastatest, aga laiem uurimis- ja avaldamistegevus sai hoo sisse alles 1990. aastate alguses.

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