Loan words can cause intercultural miscommunication: The case of Hebrew shahid
SandyHabib
Tel-Hai College
Abstract
This paper explores the semantics and pragmatics of the Hebrew word shahid (שהיד). Because this word was borrowed from Arabic, its meaning is
compared to that of Arabic shahīd (شهيد) ‘roughly, martyr.’ Using corpus analysis and the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) method, the
meaning of the Hebrew loan word is explicated, and its explication is compared to that of Arabic shahīd. The two
explications demonstrate that the differences between the two words are greater than the similarities. Consequently, when Israeli
Jews and Israeli Arabs use the words interchangeably, intercultural miscommunication is highly likely to occur.
On October 15, 2023, Israeli news reported that an Israeli Arab flight attendant working for the Israeli airline El Al was
fired. One Hebrew news article explained that the reason for this was that she had posted on
social media the Arabic counterpart of the following Hebrew sentence:
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