Beyond interruptions: Co-constructed activities in MPs’ unofficial turns in Finnish, French, and German parliamentary debates

Research on parliamentary debates has often called unauthorised turns ‘interruptions’, emphasising their conflictual and monological nature. Our study aimed to examine their pragmatic functions and interactional nature, and to reflect on the terminology commonly used. Drawing upon data from the Finnish Eduskunta, French Assemblée nationale, and German Bundestag, we applied conversation analysis to the sequential analysis of these turns, while considering restrictions related to written transcripts. To highlight the non-interruptive and dialogical character of these unauthorised utterances, we propose labelling them unofficial turns. In our analysis, we demonstrate that these unofficial turns carry both affiliative and disaffiliative functions, which also contribute to the management of interpersonal relations. As a result, our study challenges the monological view of unofficial turns and highlights their co-constructional nature.

Publication history
Table of contents

When unauthorised turns in parliamentary debates are discussed, they are often associated with the notion of ‘interrupting’ (on interruptions, see Isosävi et al. 2025a; Isosävi et al. 2025b; on interruptive comments, see Zima et al. 2009). However, these so-called ‘interruptions’ rarely disrupt the flow of speech of an authorised speaker. In most cases, such ‘interruptions’ receive no reaction, whereby authorised speakers simply continue their speech (see Isosävi et al. 2025a). The framing of interruptions in this context often reflects a monological or simplified view of interactions in parliamentary debates, where ‘interruptions’ are not viewed as turns in their own right. This may stem from the influence of written language conventions, in which ‘interruptions’ break the linear flow of transcribed text. However, it can be argued that unofficial speaking turns constitute constructive contributions to parliamentary debates. By emphasising the interactional nature of these unofficial turns, we highlight their capacity to create micro-interactions that engage with what an authorised speaker has just said.

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