Article published In: The Mental Lexicon: Online-First Articles
Comparing typing production of literal and figurative statements in the TypeRacer database
Published online: 12 October 2026
https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.25017.del
https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.25017.del
Abstract
Typing involves identifying and encoding the to-be-typed word, computing
its meaning, and planning and executing the appropriate keystroke sequence. Measures of
typing, such as keystroke latencies, are thus thought to reflect the processing of
linguistic information. Using keystroke data from the TypeRacer online game, Chen, R., Levy, R., & Eisape, T. (2021). On
factors influencing typing time: insights from a viral online typing game. Proceedings of the
Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science
Society, 43, 43. Retrieved September 11, 2023. Retrieved from [URL] found that words that are more
frequent, and more predictable (i.e., more likely to co-occur with other words in their
context) were typed more quickly. Importantly, context shapes the meaning a word takes on,
in addition to determining its likelihood of occurrence. Specifically, in figurative
expressions, words take on meanings that are different from their literal and denotative
meanings. We examined whether computing a figurative meaning for a word influences its
typing by comparing the typing speeds of words that take on a figurative meaning and words
that do not. Figurative words are generally not typed more slowly than literal words, but
a potential conflict between a word’s literal and figurative meanings can slow down its
production.
Article outline
- Influence of co-occurrence probability on typing
- Literal and figurative meanings of words
- Current study
- Method
- Dataset creation and annotation
- Data pre-processing and model creation
- Results
- Discussion
- Literal and figurative meanings are processed during typing
- The influence of left context surprisal and word frequency
- Conclusion
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