Cover not available
Part of
The Intricacy of Languages
Edited by Francesc Feliu and Olga Fullana
[IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 20] 2019
► pp. 153–174

The lexicon of the Lithuanian language in the 17–19th centuries

| Vilnius University
| Vilnius University

This article deals with lexical systemic relationships between Eastern and Western regions of Lithuania. The analysis is based on the lexicon of the most important bilingual and multilingual dictionaries and religious scripts of 17–19th century. The research examines the impact of Lithuanian dialects and other languages (Latin, Polish, German) on development of lexicon. Attention is paid on neologisms (derivation models), loanwords (lexical and semantic) and dialecticisms usage and distribution of that time. Furthermore, problems of adaptation of loanwords and their integration, synonymy of lexemes and equivalence are revealed by giving certain examples of thematic lexical groups development and the formation of terminology. This paper also deals with question why some of specific words became commonly used in the standard Lithuanian but others have disappeared or remained only in Lithuanian dialects.

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Variations of the Lithuanian script
    • 2.1Western variation
    • 2.2Eastern variation
  • 3.Lexicographic works
  • 4.Standardisation of the lexicon
    • 4.1Names of persons
    • 4.2Names of plants and animals
    • 4.3Natural phenomena and objects
    • 4.4Domestic realia, items, environment
    • 4.5Abstractions
    • 4.6Changed meanings
  • 5.Conclusions
  • Sources
  • References
Published online: 30 October 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.20.09jud
References

Sources

Haack, Friedrich Wilhelm
1730 Vocabularivm Litthuanico-Germanicum, et Germanico-Litthuanicum. Halle: Druckts Stephanus Orban, Univers. Buchdr. [Cited in the text as H].Google Scholar
Kurschat, Friedrich
1883 Wörterbuch der Littauischen Sprache. Zweiter Theil: Littauisch – deutsches Wörterbuch. Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Weisenhauses [Cited in the text as K].Google Scholar
Mielcke, Christian Gottlieb
1800 Littauisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Littauisches Wörter-Buch. Königsberg: Im Druck und Verlag der Hartungschen Hofbuch druckerey [In the text M I refers to the Lithuanian-German part, M II refers to the German-Lithuanian part]Google Scholar
Nesselmann, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand
1851 Wörterbuch der Littauischen Sprache. Königsberg: Verlag der Gebrüder Bornträger [Cited in the text as N].Google Scholar
Ruhig, Philipp
1747 Littauisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Littauisches Lexicon. Königsberg: Fruckts und Verlegts I. H. Hartung [In the text R I refers to the Lithuanian-German part, R II refers to the German-Lithuanian part].Google Scholar
[Sirvydas, Konstantinas
] [1620] Prompt[u]arium dictionum Polonicarum Latinarum et Lituanicarum. Facsimil edition in Kazys Pakalka 1997 Senasis Konstantino Sirvydo žodynas [The Old Konstantinas Sirvydas’ Dictionary]. Vilnius: Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute. [Cited in the text as SPr].Google Scholar
] 1642 Dictionarium Trium Linguarum In usum Studiosae Iuventutis. [3rd edition]. Vilnius: Typis Academicis Societatis Jesu [Cited in the text as SD].Google Scholar
Dini, Pietro Umberto
2014 Foundations of Baltic Languages. Vilnius: Eugrimas.Google Scholar
Jakaitienė, Evalda
2006 Žodynų istorijos apybraiža [The Outline of Dictionaries’ History]. Vilnius: Vilnius University Publishing House.Google Scholar
Judžentytė, Gintarė, and Vilma Zubaitienė
2015 “Konstantino Sirvydo Dictionarium trium linguarum (1642) ir Georgo Elgerio Dictionarium Polono-Latino-Lottauicum (1683): jų santykis ir leksikografinių metodų skirtybės” [Konstantinas Sirvydas’ Dictionarium trium lingvarum (1642) and Georg Elger’s Dictionarium Polono-Latino-Lottauicum (1683): Connections and Differences between Lexicographical Methods]. Baltu filoloģija [Baltic Philology] 24 (1): 89–141.Google Scholar
Pakalka, Kazys
1961 “K. Širvydo Dictionarium trium linguarum naujadarai” [Neologisms in K. Sirvidas’ Dictionarium trium linguarum ]. Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai [Problems of Lithuanian Linguistics] 4: 281–299.Google Scholar
1979 “K. Širvydo žodyno istorijos metmenys” [The Outline of the History of K. Sivydas’ Dictionary]. In Pirmasis lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Konstantinas Širvydas: Dictionarium trium linguarum (fotografuotinis leidimas) [The first Lithuanian Dictionary. Konstantine Sirvydas Dictionarium trium linguarum (Photo Edition)], ed. by Kazys Pakalka, 15–42. Vilnius: Mokslas.Google Scholar
Palionis, Jonas
1967 Lietuvių literatūrinė kalba XVI–XVII a [Lithuanian Literary Language of the 16–17th Centuries]. Vilnius: Mintis.Google Scholar
1995 Lietuvių rašomosios kalbos istorija [The History of Written Lithuanian Language ]. Vilnius: Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Centre.Google Scholar
Zinkevičius, Zigmas
1977 “Dėl lietuvių raštų kalbos kilmės” [On the Origin of Lithuanian Written Language]. Baltistica 13 (1): 237–244.Google Scholar
1988 “Dar kartą dėl lietuvių XVI–XVIII a. raštų kalbos kilmės” [Once again on the Origin of Lithuanian Written Language in 16–18th Centuries]. Baltistica 24 (2): 198–203.Google Scholar
Zubaitienė, Vilma
2010  Pilypo Ruigio Littauisch-deutsches und deutsch-littauisches Lexicon (1747): šaltiniai ir leksikografinis metodas [ Philipp Ruhig Littauisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Littauisches Lexicon (1747): sources and lexicographical method ]. Vilnius: Vilnius University Publishing House.Google Scholar
2012 “Frydricho Vilhelmo Hako žodynas ir gramatika: pasirodymo aplinkybės, struktūra ir santykis su šaltiniais” [Friedrich Wilhelm Haack’s Vocabulary and Grammar: background of appearance, structure and connections with sources]. In Hakas, Frydrichas Vilhelmas, Vocabvlarivm litthvanico-germanicvm, et germanico-litthvanicvm… Nebst einem Anhang einer kurtzgefaßten Litthauischen Grammatic (1730) [Haack, Friedrich Wilhelm Vocabvlarivm litthvanico-germanicvm, et germanico-litthvanicvm… Nebst einem Anhang einer kurtzgefaßten Litthauischen Grammatic (1730)], ed. by Vilma Zubaitienė, 7–137. Vilnius: Vilnius University Publishing House.Google Scholar