After 1945 and the end of WWII, denying the Holocaust became an explicit taboo in most European countries. More specifically, in Austria, denying the Holocaust in public implies legal consequences: the so-called Verbotsgesetz persecutes any public utterances which even insinuate National Socialist ideology (utterances, symbols, songs, images) and the Holocaust denial. Naturally, it remains difficult for the courts to substantiate any accusations and to prove that somebody has actually uttered Holocaust denial if the meanings are only implied, inferred, or alluded to. Thus, in spite of such explicit sanctions, politicians of the far-right have found many coded and implicit discursive-pragmatic practices and devices of denying the Holocaust, even during parliamentary debates and official speeches. In my paper, I compare the “discourses about Holocaust denial” in Austria and the UK, in two case studies: the first one relates to the controversy about some utterances of Barbara Rosenkranz who stood as candidate of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) for election to Austrian Presidency in April 2010. Secondly, I focus on the debates triggered by Nick Griffin from the British extreme right party BNP, in and after his appearance in the prominent BBC 1 weekly show Question Time, in 2009. I apply the Discourse-Historical Approach in CDA for the detailed analysis of such recurring debates and foreground the patterns of a globalised politics of denial.
1979 [1954]The Nature of Prejudice. New York: Perseus Books.
Angouri, Jo, and Ruth Wodak
2014 “ ‘They became big in the shadow of the crisis’ The Greek Success Story and the Rise of the Far Right.” Discourse & Society 25(4): 540–565.
Benz, Wolfgang
1995Realitätsverweigerung als antisemitisches Prinzip: Die Leugnung des Völkermords, In: Wolfgang Benz (ed.) Antisemitismus in Deutschland. Zur Aktualität eines Vorurteils. 121–139. Stuttgart: DTV.
Billig, Michael
1978Fascists. A Social Psychological View of the National Front. London: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Boromisza-Habashi, David
2013Speaking Hatefully. Philadelphia: Penn. State University Press.
De Cillia, Rudolf, and Ruth Wodak
(eds.)2009Gedenken im „Gedankenjahr“: Zur diskursiven Konstruktion österreichischer Identitäten im Jubiläumsjahr. Innsbruck: Studienverlag
Delanty, Gerard, Ruth Wodak, and Paul Jones
(eds.)2011Migration, Identity, and Belonging. Liverpool: LUP.
Engel, Jakob, and Ruth Wodak
2009 “Kalkulierte Ambivalenz, „Störungen“ und das „Gedankenjahr“: Die Causen Siegfried Kampl und John Gudenus.” In Gedenken im „Gedankenjahr“: Zur diskursiven Konstruktion österreichischer Identitäten im Jubiläumsjahr, edited by Rudolf de Cillia, and Ruth Wodak, 79–100. Innsbruck: Studienverlag.
Engel, Jakob, and Ruth Wodak
2013 “ ‘Calculated Ambivalence’ and Holocaust Denial in Austria”. In Analysing Fascist Discourse. European Fascism in Talk and Text, edited by Ruth Wodak, and John E. Richardson, 73–96. London: Routledge.
Forchtner, Bernhard
2011 “Critique, the Discourse-Historical Approach and the Frankfurt School.” Critical Discourse Studies 8(1):1–14.
Heer, Hannes, Walter Manoschek, Alexander Pollak, and Ruth Wodak
(eds.)2008The Discursive Construction of History. Remembering the Wehrmachts War of Annihilation. Basingstoke: Palgrave (transl. from the German version 2003).
Judt, Tony
2007Postwar. London: Penguin.
Kahn, Robert A
2005Holocaust Denial and the Law: A Comparative Study. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Kienpointner, Manfred
1996Vernünftig argumentieren: Regeln und Techniken der Diskussion. Hamburg: Rowohlt.
Lipstadt, Deborah
1993Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. New York: Free Press.
Loitfellner, Sabine
2003 “ ‘Furchtbar war der Blutzoll, den Österreich entrichten musste...’. Die Wehrmacht und ihre Soldaten in österreichischen Schulbüchern.” In Wie Geschichte gemacht wird. Zur Konstruktion von Erinnerungen an Wehrmacht und Zweiten Weltkrieg, edited by Hannes Heer, Walter Manoschek, Alexander Pollak, and Ruth Wodak, 171–191. Vienna: Czernin.
Reisigl, Martin, and Ruth Wodak
2001Discourse and Discrimination. Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. London: Routledge.
Reisigl, Martin, and Ruth Wodak
2009 “The Discourse-historical Approach (DHA).” In Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, edited by Ruth Wodak, and Michael Meyer, 87–12. London: Sage.
Richardson, John E
2013a “Ploughing the Same Furrow? Continuity and Change on Britain’s Extreme Right Fringe.” In Rightwing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse, edited by Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, and Brigitte Mral, 105–120, London: Bloomsbury.
Richardson, John E
2013b “Racial Populism in British Fascist Discourse: The Case of COMBAT and the British National Party (1960-1967).” In Analysing Fascist Discourse. European Fascism in Talk and Text, edited by Ruth Wodak, and John E. Richardson, 181–202. London: Routledge.
Richardson, John E., and Ruth Wodak
2009a “Recontextualising Fascist Ideologies of the Past: Right-wing Discourses on Employment and Nativism in Austria and the United Kingdom.” Critical Discourse Studies 41:251–267.
Richardson, John E., and Ruth Wodak
2009b “The Impact of Visual Racism - Visual Arguments in Political Leaflets of Austrian and British Far-right parties.” Controversia 21:45 -77.
Solomos, John
2013 “Contemporary Forms of Racist Movements and Mobilization in Britain.” In Rightwing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse, edited by Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, and Brigitte Mral, 121–134. London: Bloomsbury.
Stögner, Karin, and Ruth Wodak
2014 “Nationale Einheit” und die Konstruktion des “fremden Juden”, Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie 241: 131–160.
Stögner, Karin, and Ruth Wodak
forthcoming). “‘The Man who Hated Britain’. The Discursive Construction of National Unity against ‘the Jewish Alien’”. Critical Discourse Studies.
Toulmin, Stephen E
1958The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wengeler, Martin
2003 “Argumentationstopos als sprachwissenschaftlicher Gegenstand. Für eine Erweiterung linguistischer Methoden bei der Analyse öffentlicher Diskurse.” In Sinnformeln. Linguistische und soziologische Analysen von Leitbildern, Metaphern und anderen kollektiven Orientierungsmustern, edited by Susanne Geideck and Wolf-Andreas Liebert, 59–82. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
2011aThe Discourse of Politics in Action. Politics as Usual. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Wodak, Ruth
2011b “Suppression of the Nazi Past, Coded Languages, and Discourses of Silence: Applying the Discourse-Historical Approach to Post-War Anti-Semitism in Austria.” In Political Languages in the Age of Extremes, edited by Willibald Steinmetz, 351–379. Oxford: OUP.
Wodak, Ruth
2015The Politics of Fear – What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean. London: Sage.
Wodak, Ruth, Peter Nowak, Johanna Pelikan, Helmut Gruber, Rudolf de Cillia, and Richard Mitten
1990‘Wir sind alle unschuldige Täter!’ Diskurshistorische Studien zum Nachkriegsantisemitismus. Frankfurt a.M: Suhrkamp.
Wodak, Ruth, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl, and Karin Liebhart
2009The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh: EUP.
Wodak, Ruth, and Martin Reisigl
2002 “ ‘Wenn einer Ariel heißt...’: Ein linguistisches Gutachten zur politischen Funktionalisierung antisemitischer Ressentiments in Österreich.” In Dreck am Stecken. Politik der Ausgrenzung, edited by Anton Pelinka, and Ruth Wodak, 134–172. Vienna: Czernin.
Wodak, Ruth, and Bernhard Forchtner
2014 ‘Embattled Vienna 1683/2010: Right- wing Populism, collective memory and the fictionalization of politics’ Visual Communication 13/21: 231–255.
Wodak, Ruth, and John E. Richardson
(eds.)2013Analysing Fascist Discourse. European Fascism in Talk and Text. London: Routledge.
Wodak, Ruth, Majid KhosraviNik, and Brigitte Mral
(eds.)2013Right-wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. London: Bloomsbury.
Cited by
Cited by 5 other publications
Burke, Shani, Parisa Diba & Georgios A Antonopoulos
2020. ‘You sick, twisted messes’: The use of argument and reasoning in Islamophobic and anti-Semitic discussions on Facebook. Discourse & Society 31:4 ► pp. 374 ff.
Felberg, Tatjana & Ljiljana Šarić
2021. Chocolate, identity, and extreme speech online. FLEKS - Scandinavian Journal of Intercultural Theory and Practice 7:1 ► pp. 15 ff.
Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, Pilar & Maria Sifianou
2017. (Im)politeness and Identity. In The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politeness, ► pp. 227 ff.
Parvaresh, Vahid & Gemma Harvey
2023. Rhetorical Questions as Conveyors of Hate Speech. In Hate Speech in Social Media, ► pp. 229 ff.
Wodak, Ruth, Jonathan Culpeper & Elena Semino
2021. Shameless normalisation of impoliteness: Berlusconi’s and Trump’s press conferences. Discourse & Society 32:3 ► pp. 369 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 2 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.