In addition to the socialist discourse on popular education, theoretical contributions of Austro-Marxist intellectuals such as Karl Renner, Otto Bauer and Otto Neurath on multiculturalism represent an important intellectual source of leftist culturalism. Considering actual debates, the Austro-Marxist approach on nation and culture moved between the politics of recognition and the politics of difference. Their concept combined both the recognition of (a positively evaluated) difference between national cultures and the demand for political unification transcending the nation state. Beyond their contemporary context, the Austro-Marxist concept gains in importance even for today by formulating a possible combination of political and economic unity on the one hand and cultural difference (and diversity) on the other. In a way, the Austro-Marxist approach represents a political and cultural concept of ‘nations without nationalism’.
1999Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised edition. London, New York: Verso.
Bauer, Otto
1975Deutschtum und Sozialdemokratie. In: Otto Bauer. Werkausgabe. Edited by der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Geschichte der Österreichischen Arbeiterbewegung. Vienna: Europa [First edition 1907], 23–48.
Bauer, Otto
1978 [1927]. What is Austro-Marxism? In: Thomas B. Bottomore (ed.). Austro-Marxism. Oxford: Claredon Press, 45–48.
Bauer, Otto
2000 [1924]. The Question of Nationalities and Social Democracy. Edited by Ephraim Nimni and translated by Joseph O’Donnell. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press [First edition 1907].
Blum, Mark E.
1985The Austro-Marxists 1890–1918. A Psychobiographical Study. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Bottomore, Thomas B.
(ed.)1978Austro-Marxism. Oxford: Claredon Press.
Gruber, Helmut
1991Red Vienna. Experiment in Working-Class Culture 1919–1934. New York, Oxford.
Hall, Stuart
1996Introduction: Who Needs ‘Identity’?In: Stuart Halland Paul du Gay (eds.) Questions of Cultural Identity. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage, 1–17.
Hobsbawm, Eric J. and Ranger, Terence
(eds.)1983The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric J
1995Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mozetic, Gerald
1987Die Gesellschaftstheorie des Austromarxismus. Geistesgeschichtliche Voraussetzungen, Methodologie und soziologisches Programm. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Neurath, Otto
1912/13Serbien und seine neueroberten Gebiete. In: Rudolf Haller and Ulf Höfer (eds.) 1998 Otto Neurath. Gesammelte ökonomische, soziologische und sozialpolitische Schriften. Teil II. Vienna: Hölder, Pichler, Tempsky, 90–94.
Neurath, Otto
1920Menschheit. In: Rudolf Haller and Heiner Rutte (eds.) 1981 Otto Neurath. Gesammelte philosophische und methodologische Schriften. Band 1. Vienna: Hölder, Pichler, Tempsky, 197–201.
Neurath, Otto
1922Weltsozialismus. In: Rudolf Haller and Heiner Rutte (eds.) 1981 Otto Neurath. Gesammelte philosophische und methodologische Schriften. Band 1. Vienna: Hölder, Pichler, Tempsky, 203–208.
Neurath, Otto
1928Kolonialpolitische Aufklärung durch Bildstatistik. In: Rudolf Haller and Robin Kinross (eds.) 1991 Otto Neurath. Gesammelte bildpädagogische Schriften. Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, 126–132.
Neurath, Otto
1973 [1928]Personal life and class struggle. In: Marie Neurath and Robert S. Cohen (eds.) Neurath, Otto. Empiricism and Sociology. Dordrecht, Boston: D. Reidel, 249–298.
Neurath, Otto
1973Empiricism and Sociology. Edited by Marie Neurath and Robert S. Cohen. Dordrecht, Boston: D. Reidel.
Nimni, Ephraim
1985The nationalities theory of Otto Bauer and its relevance to the analysis of contemporary national formations. In: Erich Fröschl and Helge Zoitl (eds.) Otto Bauer (1881–1938). Theorie und Praxis. Vienna: Europa Verlag, 113–126.
Nimni, Ephraim
1999Nationalist multiculturalism in late imperial Austria as a critique of contemporary liberalism: The case of Bauer and Renner. Journal of Political Ideologies 4(3), 289–314.
Nimni, Ephraim
2000Introduction to the English-reading audience. In: Otto Bauer. 2000 [1924]. The Question of Nationalities and Social Democracy. Edited by Ephraim Nimni and translated by Joseph O’Donnell. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press, xv–xlv.
Rabinbach, Anson
1983The Crisis of Austrian Socialism. From Red Vienna to Civil War. 1927–1934. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rabinbach, Anson
(ed.)1985The Austrian Socialist Experiment. Social Democracy and Austromarxism, 1918–1934. London: Boulder.
Renner, Karl [Synopticus]
1899Staat und Nation. Staatsrechtliche Untersuchung über die möglichen Principien einer Lösung und die juristischen Voraussetzungen eines Nationalitätengesetzes. Vienna: Eigenverlag.
Renner, Karl
[Rudolf Springer] 1902Der Kampf der österreichischen Nationen um den Staat. Erster Teil: Das nationale Problem als Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsfrage. Leipzig, Vienna: Deuticke.
Renner, Karl
1918Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Nationen in besonderer Anwendung auf Österreich. Zugleich zweite umgearbeitete Auflage von des Verfassers Buch “Der Kampf der österreichischen Nationen um den Staat”. Erster Teil: Nation und Staat. Leipzig, Vienna: Deuticke.
Renner, Karl
1990 [1938]. Die Gründung der Republik Deutschösterreich, der Anschluß und die Sudetendeutschen. Dokumente eines Kampfes ums Recht. Herausgegeben, eingeleitet und erläutert von Eduard Rabofsky. Vienna: Globus.
Renner, Karl
1964Die Nation: Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Manuskript aus dem Nachlaß. Edited byJacques Hannak.Vienna, Köln, Stuttgart, Zürich: Europaverlag.
Schorske, Carl E.
1980Fin-de-siècle Vienna. Politics and Culture. New York: Knopf.
Taylor, Charles
1992Multiculturalism and “The politics of recognition”: An Essay. Princeton, NY: Princeton University Press.
Weidenholzer, Josef
1981Auf dem Weg zum ‘neuen Menschen’. Bildungs- und Kulturarbeit der österreichischen Sozialdemokratie in der Ersten Republik. Vienna: Europaverlag.
Wodak, Ruth
2001The discourse-historical approach In: Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer (eds.) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage, 63–94.
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