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Part of
The Determinants of Diachronic Stability
Edited by Anne Breitbarth, Miriam Bouzouita, Lieven Danckaert and Melissa Farasyn
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 254] 2019
► pp. 291–294

Index

A

  • abstract noun 18, 19
  • accessibility28
  • adjective 26–28, 103, 106, 109, 252, 258
  • adjunct phrase 114–119
  • advantage247
    • matrix 271–273, 275, 281
  • Afrikaans11
  • Afro-Brazilian communities 193, 209
  • agentivity 217–218, 220, 238–239
  • Agree 39–40, 45, 56, 57, 65, 207–208
  • agreement 13, 15, 27, 32, 41–42, 44, 56, 64, 162, 192–193, 195, 198, 207–208
    • long distance agreement 52, 60, 64
    • pattern 23, 39–40, 43, 45, 54, 55
    • subject-verb agreement 192, 193, 207
    • suffix 18, 19
  • analogy 23, 33, 251
  • argument 70, 84, 89–91, 108, 109, 114, 115, 118, 122, 123, 197, 206, 207, 228, 232, 233, 235, 236
    • quasi argument 70, 71, 83–86, 88, 95
    • structure 69, 180, 219, 238, 239
  • article33
  • attrition 12, 13

B

  • bǎ 121–122
  • Babelian n-grammar system 276–279
  • Bantu language 194, 195, 198, 204
  • Borer-Chomsky conjecture250
  • borrowing 217, 219, 251

C

  • case 13, 22–23, 28, 30, 32, 70, 73, 76–80, 205
    • accusative 26, 28, 30–31, 33, 70, 73, 74, 76–78, 81, 82, 93, 197, 202, 216, 233, 238
    • dative 22, 31, 70, 71, 73, 76, 79–80, 87, 90, 196, 216, 221, 228–229, 233, 235, 238–239
    • inherent228
    • marking 71, 81, 89, 91, 195, 216, 229, 238
    • nominative 22, 24–26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 45, 46, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 82, 89
    • oblique233
    • structural 228, 235, 235, 239
    • vocative 45, 46
  • Catalan 144, 157–158
    • Modern Catalan 160, 162, 165, 167, 169–172, 176, 183–184
    • Old Catalan 144, Ch. 7
  • Checking 56–58
  • ChineseCh. 5
    • Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) 112, 117–118, 119
    • pre-Archaic Chinese (PAC) 107, 108, 115, 121
  • cleft 55, 119–121
  • clitic 48, 51, 52, 60, 139, 147, 148, 197, 199–201, 205, 228, 238
    • doubling 192, 195, 204–206
    • pronoun 179, 195–196, 199, 206, 240
    • left dislocation (CLLD) 134, 159
  • code-copying219
  • cohesion 145, 171–172, 180
  • competition 192, 198, 202–203, 207
  • consistency103
  • contingency 101–102, 107
  • compound20
  • coordinating conjunction 164–166, 171–172
  • coordination 60, 171, 228
    • problem 250, 258
  • cyclical balance 270, 272, 276, 279, 283

D

  • Definiteness Effect 89–90
  • diffusion102
  • dimma 72–74, 78, 81
  • directionality 103–104, 108, 109, 111
  • discourse 34, 53, 145, 146, 165, 166, 169, 171, 174–176, 182, 183
    • cohesion 145, 168, 171–172, 179, 180, 184
    • operator see topic operator
  • disharmony 106, 111–112
  • distinctiveness 24, 32
  • ditransitive 229, 231, 239
    • clausal230
    • verb 215, 226, 227, 230, 236
    • double object construction223
  • dominance 217–220, 263, 274, 277, 289
  • Dutch 33, 39, 42, 45, 60, 64, 103, 114
    • Old Dutch 62–64

E

  • embedded polar questions247
  • English 11, 13, 17, 23, 24, 32, 41, 103, 118, Ch. 9, Ch. 10
    • Early Modern English (EME) 224, 250
    • Old English (OE) 13–33, 22, 80, 84, 136, 216, 221, 229, 233, 236, 237, 238, 251
    • Middle English (ME) 23, 24, 28, 218, 221, 222, 224, 229, 230, 235, 237, 240
  • European Portuguese192
  • experiencer 77, 82
  • expletive 52, 62, 69, 83, 84
    • null subject 44, 162, 44

F

  • Faroese 11, 86–87, 137
  • filler 70, 83–84
  • focus 107, 119–121, 139, 148, 178, 180–185
    • focalization 119–120, 204
  • Force 112, 132, 138
  • French 217, 219, 220, 222, 225–228, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239
    • Old French 163, 165, 167, 198, 218 , 224, 230, 237
    • Anglo-French 218, 230–232, 238, 240
  • frequency 13, 15–17, 21, 30, 31, 75, 89, 159, 163, 164, 172, 198, 200, 201, 218, 252, 254
  • Fundamental Theorem of Language Change 263–264, 269

G

  • genderCh. 2
    • binary opposition12
    • stability 17, 29–30
    • loss 12, 13, 23, 28, 32
  • genitive subject194
  • German 11–13, 17–18, 19, 23, 32, 40, 41, 84, 103, 114, 132, 138, 141, 165
    • Early New High German 52, 62
    • Middle High German (MHG) 63 20, 25, 27
    • Old High German (OHG) 13–33, 62, 63, 84, 135–136, 138
  • Germanic 11, 16, 23, 24, 26, 60, 63, 64, 80, 138, 140, 159, 161
    • Gothic 60, 80
    • Ingveonic24
    • West Germanic 17, 24, 25, 39, 40, 42, 52, 61, 80, 229
  • global copying227
  • grammar competition 192, 198, 202–203, 207, 263, 288
  • grammaticalization 23, 24, 106
  • Greek146

H

  • Hanging Topic165
  • hann 70–72, 84–88, 92
  • harmony 102–105, 114
  • head parameter 102–105
    • head-finality 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 285
    • head-initiality 105, 108, 109–111, 116, 125
    • headedness106
    • non-uniform head directionality 103, 104, 107, 108, 111
    • uniform head-directionality 103, 104
  • hvessa 72, 75, 78, 81, 85, 88, 93

I

  • Icelandic 11, 69ff, 248
    • Modern Icelandic 69, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 82, 83, 88, 89, 93, 94, 95
    • Old Icelandic 70, 71, 73–79, 81, 82, 88, 89, 91–94
  • impersonalization 71, 82, 89
  • imposition 217–219, 239, 240
  • infinitive 90, 91
  • inflection12
    • nominal inflection 21–23
  • innovation 26, 64, 80, 82, 112, 192, 198
  • Interrogative Force112
  • inversion 83, 86, 91, 140, 159, 161, 162, 174, 194
    • Narrative Inversion 71, 92, 93, 141, 181
    • subject-verb inversion 83, 140, 159

K

  • Khalkha Mongolian124

L

  • language acquisition 12, 13, 21, 32, 33, 104, 197, 203, 204, 218, 240, 246, 247, 249–250, 251, 267, 288
    • acquirability 28, 30
    • bilingual language acquisition 209, 217, 218, 236
    • first language acquisition 14, 32, 104, 197, 203, 204, 209, 218, 246, 249–250, 251, 257, 260, 267, 288
    • second language acquisition 218, 240
  • language contact 1, 5 , 33, 107, 121, 124, 125, 191, 192, 194, 216–220, 227, 236, 237, 263, 288
    • mixed language239
    • recipient language217
    • source language217
  • learnability 236, 239
  • Left Dislocation165
  • left periphery 48, 56, 63–64, 139, 146, 147, 160, 165–168, 171, 176, 180, 184
  • locative 49, 60, 62, 173, 178, 179, 180, 194
  • Long Head Movement 138, 139
  • Low German 33, 61
    • Middle Low German 42–45, 47–49, 52, 53, 55–57, 61, 63–64
      • Eastphalian 42, 45, 48, 50, 51
      • North Low Saxon 42, 45, 49
      • Westphalian 42, 48, 51
    • Old Saxon 24, 29, 42, 61, 62
  • low token frequency 75, 89

M

  • Mandarin 108, 109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 121, 122, 123
  • Matching 56, 57, 58
  • morphological doublet 191, 251
  • morphological stability198
  • morphological variation 191, 209

N

  • n-grammar system289
  • Naive Parameter Learner 264, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288
  • Niger-Congo languages 196, 197, 198
  • Nominative Substitution 71 , 81, 89
  • non-monotonic change264
  • norm 192, 193, 198, 210
  • Norwegian 11, 86, 87, 141
  • null object 197, 202, 206
  • null subject 44, 159, 162, 163, 169, 184, 207
    • parameter103
    • pro-drop 159, 163
  • number 22, 23, 32, 33, 40, 56, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65

O

  • Old Norse17
  • Old Romance 159, 163, 164, 165, 172, 184
  • optionality 122, 178, 208, 285

P

  • parameter
    • macroparameter 104, 105
    • mesoparameter 104, 105
    • microparameter 104, 105
    • setting 103, 140, 144, 264, 279, 281, 284
  • participle 246, 251, 252, 254, 255, 257–259
    • fronting 138, 139, 148
    • placement161
  • particle 48, 49, 50, 147, 158, 165, 171
    • comparative50
    • relative 28, 29, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 62, 64
  • passive
    • indirect passive215
    • personal subject passive234
    • recipient passive215
  • penalty probability 268, 270–274, 286
  • pendulum 265, 266, 269
  • person Ch. 3, Ch. 8
  • phi-features 167, 207, 208
  • polysyndeton172
  • Portuguese 195, 197, 208
    • Angolan Portuguese195
    • Brazilian Portuguese (BP)Ch. 8
    • European Portuguese (EP)Ch. 8
    • Mozambican Portuguese195
  • possessive dative221
  • postposition 106, 113, 114
  • prestige 192, 218
  • Principle of Contrast 246, 247, 249, 259
  • productivity 20, 21
  • pronoun
    • clitic see clitic pronoun
    • demonstrative pronoun 23–24, 28, 30, 48, 60, 110, 124
    • object pronoun 118, 119
    • possessive pronoun 25, 45, 47, 59, 60
    • relative pronoun 28, 40, 41, 47, 49–52, 54–58, 61–64
    • resumptive pronoun 40–42, 45, 47, 48, 52, 56,57, 64
    • strong pronoun198
    • tonic pronoun 195–197, 199–201, 205, 206
  • Proto-Germanic 60, 80

Q

  • quasi-Babelian n-grammar system 280–281

R

  • raising infinitive 89, 91, 92
  • recipient (argument) 122, 216
  • referential null subject 44, 52
  • referent tracking27
  • relative clause28
    • free relative clause51
    • head of relative clause Ch. 3, 110
    • non-restrictive relative clauseCh. 3
    • restrictive relative clause 55, 58
  • reliable learner268
  • replica language216
  • rest point 265, 266, 275–277, 281
  • resumptive null subject 57, 58, 63, 64

S

  • scrambling138
  • source language 217, 220, 227, 235
  • Spanish
    • Modern Spanish 140, 141, 142, 148
    • Old Spanish Ch. 6, 163, 174
  • speaker population 264, 268
  • speech community 246, 250, 251, 258
  • stability
    • asymptotical stability 265–266, 269, 277, 279, 281
    • diachronic stability216
    • inherent stability217
    • subsidiary stability217
  • stable variation 192, 202, 263, 264, 266, 269, 279, 280, 283, 285, 288
  • stationary random environment267
  • symmetric n-grammar system 279, 281, 283, 288
  • systematicity32

T

  • Tangwang 124, 125
  • theme 82, 108, 122, 215, 224, 225
  • topic
    • continuity 145, 164, 165, 167–169, 176, 181–185
    • operator 144, 166, 171, 173, 174, 176
    • topicalization 64, 94
  • transitive verb 82, 122, 173

U

  • Universal Grammar (UG) 102, 105, 126, 285
  • unaccusative verb 159, 173, 178–180, 182

V

  • Variational Learner 263, 264, 284
  • variational specializationCh. 10
  • verb
    • movement 138–141, 146, 180
      • T-to-C movement see V-to-C movement
      • V-to-C movement 138, 140, 144, 146, 159, 160
    • placement Ch. 6, Ch. 7
      • verb first see V1
      • V1 71, 72, 92, 93, 132, 133, 135, 137, 144, 145, Ch. 7
      • verb second see V2
      • V2Ch. 6
        • asymmetric V2137
        • symmetric V2137
      • verb third see V3
      • V3 134, 136, 145, 164, 168, 174
      • verb-initial 165, 167
    • verba dicendi 173–176, 180–185

W

  • Wackernagel position52
  • weather verbCh. 4
  • word order typology102
    • OV 119, 124, 125, 237
    • VO 103, 106, 107, 115, 119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 237

Y

  • Yang's Paradox 246, 249, 250, 257
  • Yiddish 145, 171

Þ

  • það 70–71, 75, 79, 83, 92, 94