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Part of
Beyond Meaning
Edited by Elly Ifantidou, Louis de Saussure and Tim Wharton
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 324] 2021
► pp. 177–198

Before meaning

Creature construction, sea-sponges, lizards and Humean projection

| University of Brighton
|

This chapter retraces Grice’s thought experiment on ‘creature construction’ (Grice 1975a), which attempts to show how complex psychological processes can be shown to emerge from less complex behaviours. Beginning with simple organisms, Grice’s experiment explores examines how an organism’s psychological processes work to construct representations of the surrounding environment in such a way that those representations can be utilised for survival. The more complex the organism, the more nuanced are the processes that have developed to aid it in this task. Our goal in retracing the experiment is to shed light on those elements of psychological experience and communication which, in keeping with the subject of this volume, might be said to exist beyond meaning. In particular, we refer to the experience and communication of non-propositional phenomena such as emotions, sensations and feelings. This is a topic of which much has recently been made in pragmatics, particularly in relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995, 2015; Wilson and Carston 2019; de Saussure and Wharton 2019; Wharton and Strey 2019), and we claim insights from Gricean creature construction are illuminating.

Keywords: Amygdala, complexity, creature construction, meta-representation, philosophical psychology, sensorium, valancing, vigilance
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Grice’s programme, meaning and creature construction
  • 3.Evolutionary groundwork and the ultimate goal: The sea-sponge
  • 4.Development of a sophisticated sensorium
  • 5.An environment of natural meanings
  • 6.Humean projection: Psychological internalisation and métareprésentation
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 10 November 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.324.c11
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