This paper addresses particular social actions present in a data set of short message emails where interactants use potentially impolite strategies frequently. The particular social action under analysis here is that of goading, a term coined to describe targeted banter (banter directed toward a ratified participant in interaction). However, evaluations of impoliteness are not always shared across participants in these goading sequences, as follow-up interviews show some disaffiliation between individual participants’ understanding of the prior turns. It is more common in this data set to find tokens of goading being evaluated as non-impolite rather than impolite, suggesting that participants perceive the humorous nature of goading. Yet, among a tiny community of practice of only four individuals, even these non-impolite evaluations are not always shared. This paper attempts to add to the empirical study of im/politeness to account for goading as a type of banter or jocular mockery and situate it in the ever-increasing set of actions which cannot be straightforwardly categorized as second-order politeness or as impoliteness.
2008Impoliteness in the struggle for power. In Impoliteness in Language: Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice, D. Bousfield & M.A. Locher (eds), 127–153. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brown, P. & Levinson, S.C.
1987Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, J.
1996Towards and anatomy of impoliteness. Journal of Pragmatics 25: 349–367.
Culpeper, J.
2005Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The Weakest Link. Journal of Politeness Research 1(1): 35–72.
Culpeper, J.
2008Reflections on impoliteness, relational work and power. In Impoliteness in Language: Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice, D. Bousfield & M.A. Locher (eds), 17–44. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Culpeper, J.
2010Conventionalised impoliteness formulae. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 3232–3245.
Culpeper, J.
2011Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: CUP.
Culpeper, J.
2012(Im)politeness: Three issues. Journal of Pragmatics 44(9): 1128–1133.
Culpeper, J., Bousfield, D. & Wichmann, A.
2003Impoliteness revisited: With special reference to dynamic and prosodic aspects. Journal of Pragmatics 35: 1545–1579.
Drew, P.
1987Po-faced receipts of teases. Linguistics 25(1): 219–253.
Dynel, M.
2008No aggression, only teasing: The pragmatics of teasing and banter. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 4(2): 241–261.
Eelen, G.
2001A Critique of Politeness Theories. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Egbert, M.M.
1997Schisming: The collaborative transformation from a single conversation to multiple conversations. Research on Language and Social Interaction 30(1): 1–51.
Gardner, R., Fitzgerald, R., & Mushin, I.
2009The underlying orderliness in turn-taking: Examples from Australian talk. Australian Journal of Communication 36(3): 65–89.
Glenn, P.
2003Laughter in Interaction. Cambridge: CUP.
Goddard, C.
2006“Lift your game Marina!”: Deadpan jocular irony and the ethnopragmatics of Australian English. In Ethnopragmatics: Understanding Discourse in Cultural Context, C. Goddard (ed.), 65–97. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Goddard, C.
2009Not taking yourself too seriously in Australian English: Semantic explications, cultural scripts, corpus evidence. Intercultural Pragmatics 6(1): 29–53.
Goddard, C.
2012‘Early interactions’ in Australian English, American English, and English English: Cultural differences and cultural scripts. Journal of Pragmatics 44(9): 1038–1050.
Goffman, E.
1979Footing. Semiotica 25(1/2): 1–29.
Goffman, E.
1981Forms of Talk. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Goodwin, C.
1987Forgetfulness as an interactive resource. Social Psychology Quarterly 50(2): 115–130.
Haugh, M.
2007The discursive challenge to politeness research: An interactional alternative. Journal of Politeness Research 3: 295–317.
Haugh, M.
2010Jocular mockery, (dis)affilitation, and face. Journal of Pragmatics 42(8): 2106–2119.
Haugh, M.
2011Humour, face and im/politeness in getting acquainted. In Situated Politeness, B.L. Davies, M. Haugh & A.J. Merrison (eds). London: Continuum.
Haugh, M.
2013Im/politeness, social practice and the participation order. Journal of Pragmatics 58: 52–72
Haugh, M. & Bousfield, D.
2012Mock impoliteness, jocular mockery and jocular abuse in Australian and British English. Journal of Pragmatics 44(9): 1099–1114.
Hepburn, A. & Potter, J.
2011Threats: Power, family mealtimes, and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology 50(1): 99–120.
Heritage, J.
1998Conversational analysis and institutional talk: Analyzing distinctive turn-taking systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of IADA (International Association for Dialogue Analysis), S. Cmejrková, J. Hoffmannová, O. Mülllerová & J. Svetlá (eds), 3–17. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Kádár, D.Z., & Haugh, M.
2013Understanding Politeness. Cambridge: CUP.
Kádár, D.Z., & Mills, S.
2013Rethinking discernment. Journal of Politeness Research 9(2): 133–158.
Kotthoff, H.
1996Impoliteness and conversational joking: On relational politics. Folia Linguistica 30: 299–325.
Leech, G.N.
1983Principles of Pragmatics. New York NY: Longman.
Locher, M.A.
2010Introduction: Politeness and impoliteness in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Politeness Research 6: 1–5.
Locher, M.A. & Bousfield, D.
2008Introduction: Impoliteness and power in language. In Impoliteness in Language: Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice, M.A. Locher & D. Bousfield (eds),. 1–16. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Locher, M.A., & Watts, R.J.
2005Politeness theory and relational work. Journal of Politeness Research, 1(1): 9–33.
Locher, M.A. & Watts, R.J.
2008Relational work and impoliteness: Negotiating norms of linguisitic behaviour. In Impoliteness in Language: Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice, D. Bousfield & M.A. Locher (eds.), 77–100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mills, S.
2003Gender and Politeness. Cambridge: CUP.
Norrick, N.R.
1984Stock conversational witticisms. Journal of Pragmatics 8(2): 195–209.
Norrick, N.R.
1993Conversational Joking: Humor in Everyday Talk. Bloomington MI: Indiana University Press.
Norrick, N.R.
1994Involvement and joking in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 22(3–4): 409–430.
Norrick, N.R. & Chiaro, D.
(eds.)2009Humor in Interaction [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 182]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pomerantz, A.
2005Using participants’ video stimulated comments to complement analyses of interactional practices. In Conversation and Cognition Discourse, Mind and Social Interaction, H. te Molder & J. Potter (eds), 93–113. Cambridge: CUP.
Pomerantz, A.
2012Do participants’ reports enhance conversation analytic claims? Explanations of one sort or another. Discourse Studies 14(4): 499–505.
Radcliffe-Brown, A.R.
1952Structure and Function in Primitive Society: Essays and Addresses by AR Radcliffe-Brown. London: Taylor & Francis.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E.A., & Jefferson, G.
1974A simplest systematics for the organisation of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50(4): 696–735.
Searle, J.R.
1969Speech acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: CUP.
Stivers, T.
2008Stance, alignment, and affiliation during storytelling: When nodding is a token of affiliation. Research on Language and Social Interaction 41(1): 31–57.
Stivers, T. & Rossano, F.
2010Mobilizing response. Research on Language and Social Interaction 43(1): 3–31.
Terkourafi, M.
2008Toward a unified theory of politeness, impoliteness and rudeness. In Impoliteness in Language, D. Bousfield & M.A. Locher (eds.), 45–74. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Theobald, M.
2012Video-stimulated accounts: Young children accounting for interactional matters in front of peers. Journal of Early Childhood Research 10: 32–50.
Watts, R.J.
2003Politeness. Cambridge: CUP.
Watts, R.J., Ide, S. & Ehlich, K.
1992Introduction. In Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice, R.J. Watts, S. Ide & K. Ehlich (eds), 1–17. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cited by
Cited by 4 other publications
Li, Chuntao
2020. Teasing as a practice of managing delicate issues in institutional talk. East Asian Pragmatics 5:3 ► pp. 323 ff.
Mitchell, Nathaniel
2022. Duelling contexts: how action misalignment leads to impoliteness in a courtroom. Journal of Politeness Research 18:1 ► pp. 93 ff.
Walkinshaw, Ian
2016. Teasing in informal contexts in English as an Asian lingua franca. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 5:2 ► pp. 249 ff.
Zawiszová, Halina
2018. On ´doing friendship´ in and through talk: Exploring conversational interactions of Japanese young people,
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 16 november 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.