This chapter reports on two studies. The first study examines the learning of French as an L3 by Anglophone students of French whose L2 was Irish and by balanced bilinguals. The second study investigates German as L3 with reference to two groups of English-speaking participants who have Irish as a longstanding L2. The studies show the psychotypological factor to be an important component of participants’ cross-linguistic consultation when faced with challenges in their L3.
2020. Plurilingualism and monolingualism in foreign language classrooms: The perspective of EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Language and Cultural Education 8:1 ► pp. 15 ff.
Aronin, Larissa & Laurent Moccozet
2023. Dominant Language Constellations: towards online computer-assisted modelling. International Journal of Multilingualism 20:3 ► pp. 1067 ff.
Baldo, Alessandra
2022. Formas lexicais desviantes por aprendizes de Português L2. Revista Linguagem em Foco 13:4 ► pp. 134 ff.
2019. Multilingualism at the primary level in South Tyrol: how does multilingual education affect young learners’ metalinguistic awareness and proficiency in L1, L2 and L3?. The Language Learning Journal 47:1 ► pp. 76 ff.
Jessner, Ulrike
2012. Dynamics of Multilingualism. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Laoire, Muiris Ó.
2014. Learners’ Reflections on Their Narratives on L2 and L3 Learning. In Essential Topics in Applied Linguistics and Multilingualism [Second Language Learning and Teaching, ], ► pp. 235 ff.
MacKenzie, Ian
2012. English as a lingua franca in Europe: bilingualism and multicompetence. International Journal of Multilingualism 9:1 ► pp. 83 ff.
MacKenzie, Ian
2016. Multi-competence and English as a lingua franca. In The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Multi-Competence, ► pp. 478 ff.
Nelson, Christina, Iga Krzysik, Halina Lewandowska & Magdalena Wrembel
2021. Multilingual learners’ perceptions of cross-linguistic distances: a proposal for a visual psychotypological measure. Language Awareness 30:2 ► pp. 176 ff.
Pfenninger, Simone & Richard Watts
2019. English in Switzerland. In English in the German-Speaking World, ► pp. 315 ff.
2019. Exploring a poorly understood variable: An agenda for classroom research on the age factor. Language Teaching 52:1 ► pp. 111 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.