References (97)
References
Baxter, Gareth & William Croft. 2016. Modeling language change across the lifespan: Individual trajectories in community change. Language Variation and Change 28. 129–173. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2020. The initiation and incrementation of sound change: Community-oriented momentum-sensitive learning. Glossa 5(1). 121. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bybee, Joan. 2015. Language change. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Castilla-Earls, Anny, David Francis, Aquiles Iglesias & Kevin Davidson. 2019. The impact of the Spanish-to-English proficiency shift on the grammaticality of English learners. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62(6). 1739–1754. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Castilla-Earls, Anny, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux, Lourdes Martinez-Nieto, Maria Adelaida Restrepo & Christopher Barr. 2020. Vulnerability of clitics and articles to bilingual effects in typically developing Spanish-English bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23(4). 825–835. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Castilla-Earls, Anny, Maria Adelaida Restrepo, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux, Shelley Gray, Paul Holmes, Daniel Gail & Ziquiang Chen. 2016. Interactions between bilingual effects and language impairment: Exploring grammatical markers in Spanish-speaking bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics 37(5). 1147–1173. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cournane, Ailís. 2017. In defense of the child innovator. In Eric Mathieu & Robert Truswell (eds.), Micro-change and macro-change in diachronic syntax, 10–24. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2019. A developmental view on incrementation in language change. Theoretical Linguistics 45(3–4). 127–150. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cournane, Ailís & Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux. 2020. Leaving obligations behind: Epistemic incrementation in preschool English. Language Learning and Development 16(3). 270–291. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cuza, Alejandro & Rocío Pérez-Tattam. 2016. Grammatical gender selection and phrasal word order in child heritage Spanish: A feature re-assembly approach. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19(1). 50–68. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, Michel. 2009. Language acquisition in creolization and, thus, language change: Some cartesian-uniformitarian boundary conditions. Language and Linguistics Compass 3/4. 888–971. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dracos, Melisa & Pablo E. Requena. 2022. Child heritage speakers’ acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive in volitional and adverbial clauses. Language Acquisition 30(1). 1–28. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Erker, Daniel, Eduardo Ho-Fernández, Ricardo Otheguy & Naomi Shin. 2017. Continuity and Change in Spanish among Cubans in New York: A Study of Subject Placement with Finite Verbs. In Alejandro Cuza (ed.), Cuban Spanish dialectology: Variation, contact and change, 63–82. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Flores, Cristina & Esther Rinke. 2020. The relevance of language-internal variation in predicting heritage language grammars. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23. 25–26. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gathercole, Virginia Mueller. 2007. Miami and North Wales, so far and yet so near: A constructivist account of morphosyntactic development in bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 10. 224–247. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goebel-Mahrle, Thomas & Naomi Shin. 2020. A corpus study of child heritage speakers’ Spanish gender agreement. International Journal of Bilingualism 24(5–6). 1088–1104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gómez Seibane, Sara. 2013. La omisión y duplicación de objetos en el castellano del País Vasco. In Bruno Camus-Bergareche & Sara Gómez Seibane (eds.), El castellano del País Vasco, 193–214. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco.Google Scholar
Grosjean, François. 2021. Life as a bilingual. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Guy, Gregory & Sally Boyd. 1990. The development of a morphological class. Language Variation and Change 2. 1–18. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hall, Erin & Ruth Maddeaux. 2020. /u/-fronting and /æ/-raising in Toronto families. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 25(2). Article 7. [URL]
Hall, Erin & Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux. 2020. Children’s comprehension of NP embedding. Glossa 7. 1–41.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva. 2006. Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Holmes-Elliot, Sophie. 2021. Calibrate to innovate: Community age vectors and the real time incrementation of language change. Language in Society 50(3). 441–474. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hudson Kam, Carla. 2015. The impact of conditioning variables on the acquisition of variation in adult and child learners. Language. 91(4). 906–937. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hudson Kam, Carla & Elissa Newport. 2005. Regularizing unpredictable variation: The roles of adult and child learners in language formation and change. Language Learning and Development 1. 151–195. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kodner, Jordan. 2020. Language acquisition in the past. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. PhD dissertation.
Kodner, Jordan & Caitlin Richter. 2020. Transparent /ai/-raising as a contact phenomenon. In Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White (eds.), Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 25(2). Selected Papers from NWAV 47, 61–70.Google Scholar
Kovac, Ceil & Hugh Douglas Adamson. 1981. Variation theory and first language acquisition. In David Sankoff & Henrietta Cedergren (eds.), Variation omnibus, 403–410. Edmonton: Linguistic Research.Google Scholar
Labov, William. 1989. The child as linguistic historian. Language Variation and Change 1. 85–98. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2007. Transmission and diffusion. Language 83. 344–387. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. What is to be learned: The community as the focus of social cognition. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 10. 265–93. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Larrañaga, Pilar & Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes. 2012. Clitics in L1 bilingual acquisition. First Language 32, 151–175. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, David. 2006. How new languages emerge. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John M. 2008. Varieties of Spanish in the United States. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lupyan, Gary & Rick Dale. 2010. Language structure is partly determined by social structure. PLoS ONE 5(1). E8559. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meisel, Jürgen. 2010. Bilingual language acquisition and theories of diachronic change: Bilingualism as cause and effect of grammatical change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(2). 121–145. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Miller, Karen. 2013. Acquisition of variable rules: /s/-lenition in the speech of Chilean Spanish-speaking children and their caregivers. Language Variation and Change 25. 311–340. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2015. Children’s production of ain’t. In Patricia Donaher & Seth Katz (eds.), Ain’thology: The history and life of a taboo word, 96–112. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
Mitrofanova, Natalia, Yulia Rodina, Olga Urek & Marit Westergaard. 2018. Bilinguals’ sensitivity to grammatical gender cues in Russian: The role of cumulative input, proficiency, and dominance. Frontiers in Psychology 9. 1894. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Montrul, Silvina. 2015. The acquisition of heritage languages. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2023. Native speakers, interrupted: Differential object marking and language change in heritage speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Montrul, Silvina & Nicoleta Bateman. 2020. Vulnerability and stability of Differential Object Marking in Romanian heritage speakers. Glossa 5(1). 119. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Montrul, Silvina, Justin Davidson, Israel De La Fuente & Rebecca Foote. 2014. Early language experience facilitates the processing of gender agreement in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17. 118–38. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Montrul, Silvina & Noelia Sánchez-Walker. 2013. Differential object marking in child and adult Spanish heritage speakers. Language Acquisition 20(2). 109–132. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2011. Transmission, acquisition, parameter-setting, reanalysis, and language change. Bilingualism Language and Cognition 14. 152–155. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
O’Shannessy, Carmel. 2021. How ordinary child language processes can lead to the unusual outcome of a mixed language. The International Journal of Bilingualism 25(2). 458–480. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Otheguy, Ricardo & Ana Celia Zentella. 2012. Spanish in New York: Language contact, dialectal leveling, and structural continuity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Paredes, Liliana. 1996. The Spanish continuum in Peruvian bilingual speakers: A study of verbal clitics. Los Angeles: University of Southern California PhD dissertation.
Pérez-Leroux, Ana Teresa, Mihaela Pirvulescu & Yves Roberge. 2018. Direct objects and language acquisition. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pirvulescu, Mihaela, Ana-Teresa Pérez-Leroux, Yves Roberge, Nelleke Strik & Danielle Thomas. 2014. Bilingual effects: Exploring object omission in pronominal languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17. 495–510. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, Maria. 2018. Heritage languages and their speakers. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Queen, Robin. 2001. Bilingual intonation patterns: Evidence of language change from Turkish-German bilingual children. Language in Society 30(1). 55–80. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Requena, Pablo E. 2023. Variation versus deviation: Early bilingual acquisition of differential object marking. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 13(6). 801–829. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Requena, Pablo E. & Melisa Dracos. 2018. Impermeability of L1 syntax: Spanish variable clitic placement in bilingual children. In Anne Bertolini & Maxwell Kaplan (eds.), Proceedings of the 42nd annual Boston University Conference of Language Development, 644–658. Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Julie. 1997. Acquisition of variable rules: (-t,d) deletion and (ing) production in preschool children. Journal of Child Language 24. 351–372. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Julie & William Labov. 1995. Learning to talk Philadelphian: Acquisition of short a by preschool children. Language Variation and Change 7. 101–112. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rodina, Yulia & Marit Westergaard. 2017. Grammatical gender in bilingual Norwegian–Russian acquisition: The role of input and transparency. Bilingualism: Language and cognition 20(1). 197–214. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sainzmaza-Lecanda, Lorena & Scott Schwenter. 2017. Null objects with and without bilingualism in the Portuguese and Spanish-speaking world. In Kate Bellamy, Michael Child, Paz González, Antje Muntendam & María del Carmen Parafita Couto (eds.), Multidisciplinary approaches to bilingualism in the Hispanic and Lusophone world, 95–119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Samara, Anna, Kenny Smith, Helen Brown & Elizabeth Wonnacott. 2017. Acquiring variation in an artificial language: Children and adults are sensitive to socially conditioned linguistic variation. Cognitive Psychology 94. 85–114. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2019. Bilingual alignments. Languages 4. 82. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, Gillian. 2018. Language change across the lifespan. Annual Review of Linguistics 4(1). 297–316. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sanz-Sánchez, Israel. 2019. Documenting feature pools in language expansion situations: Sibilants in early colonial Latin American Spanish. Transactions of the Philological Society 117(2). 199–233. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sanz-Sánchez, Israel & María Irene Moyna. 2023. Children as agents of language change: Diachronic evidence from Latin American Spanish phonology. Journal of Historical Linguistics 13(3). 327–374. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schreier, Daniel. 2016. Super-leveling, fraying-out, internal restructuring: A century of present be concord in Tristan da Cunha English. Language Variation and Change 28. 203–224. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, Miriam, Mila Minkov, Elena Dieser, Ekaterina Protassova, Victor Moin & Maria Polinsky. 2015. Acquisition of Russian gender agreement by monolingual and bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism 19. 726–752. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schwenter, Scott. 2006. Null objects across South America. In Timothy Face & Carol Klee (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, 23–36. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla.Google Scholar
Senghas, Ann & Marie Coppola. 2001. Children creating language: How Nicaraguan Sign Language acquired a spatial grammar. Psychological Science 12(4). 323–328. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shin, Naomi. 2016. Acquiring patterns of morphosyntactic variation: Children’s Spanish subject pronoun expression. Journal of Child Language 43. 914–947. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2018. Child heritage speakers’ Spanish morphosyntax: Rate of acquisition and crosslinguistic influence. In Kim Potowski (ed.), Handbook of Spanish as a heritage language, 235–253. Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2022. Structured variation in child heritage speakers’ grammars. Language and Linguistics Compass 16(12). e12480. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2023. Está abriendo, la abrió: Lexical knowledge, verb type, and grammatical aspect shape child heritage speakers’ direct object omission in Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism 27(5). 842–861. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shin, Naomi, Alejandro Cuza & Liliana Sánchez. 2023. Structured variation, language experience, and crosslinguistic influence shape child heritage speakers’ direct objects. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 26(2). 317–329. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shin, Naomi, Mariana Marchesi & Jill Morford. 2021. Pathways of development in child heritage speakers’ use of Spanish demonstratives. Spanish as a Heritage Language 1(2). 222–246. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shin, Naomi & Karen Miller. 2022. Children’s acquisition of morphosyntactic variation. Language Learning and Development 18(2). 125–150. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shin, Naomi, Pablo E. Requena & Anita Kemp. 2017. Bilingual and monolingual children’s patterns of syntactic variation: Variable clitic placement in Spanish. In Alejandra Auza and Richard Schwartz (eds.), Language development and disorders in Spanish-speaking children, 63–88. New York: Springer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shin, Naomi, Barbara Rodríguez, Aja Armijo & Molly Perara-Lunde. 2019. Child heritage speakers’ comprehension and production of direct object clitic gender in Spanish. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9(4/5). 659–686. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2014. Bilingual language acquisition: Spanish and English in the first six years. Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2018. Bilingual acquisition: Difference or incompleteness? In Naomi Shin & Daniel Erker (eds.), Questioning theoretical primitives in linguistic inquiry, 245–268. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Jennifer, Mercedes Durham & Liane Fortune. 2007. ‘Mam, my trousers is fa’in doon!’: Community, caregiver, and child in the acquisition of variation in a Scottish Dialect.” Language Variation and Change 19. 69–95. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. Universal and dialect-specific pathways of acquisition: Caregivers, children, and t/d deletion. Language Variation and Change 21. 63–99. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Jennifer, Mercedes Durham & Hazel Richards. 2013. The social and linguistic in the acquisition of sociolinguistic norms: Caregivers, children, and variation. Linguistics 51. 285–324. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Jennifer & Mercedes Durham. 2019. Sociolinguistic variation in children’s language. Acquiring community norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Jennifer & Sophie Holmes-Elliot. 2022. Tracking linguistic change in childhood: Transmission, incrementation, and vernacular reorganization. Language 98(1). 98–122. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Kenny, Amy Perfors, Olga Fehér, Anna Samara, Kate Swoboda & Elizabeth Wonnacott. 2017. Language learning, language use and the evolution of linguistic variation. Philological Transactions of the Royal Society B 372. 20160051. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Kenny & Elizabeth Wonnacott. 2010. Eliminating unpredictable variation through iterated learning. Cognition 116. 444–449. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Szeto, Pui Yiu, Stephen Matthews, & Virginia Yip. 2019. Bilingual children as “laboratories” for studying contact outcomes: Development of perfective aspect. Linguistics 57(3). 693–723. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, Sali & Alexandra D’Arcy. 2009. Peaks beyond phonology. Adolescence, incrementation, and language change. Language 85(1). 58–108. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thomason, Sarah. 2011. Is morphosyntactic change really rare? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(2). 146–148. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ticio, Emma. 2015. Differential object marking in Spanish-English early bilinguals. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5(1). 62–90. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. 2004. New dialect formation: The inevitability of colonial Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2011. Sociolinguistic typology: Social determinants of linguistic complexity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Walkden, George, Juhani Klemola & Thomas Rainsford. 2023. An overview of contact-induced morphosyntactic changes in Early English. In Sara M. Pons Sanz & Louise Sylvester (eds.), Medieval English in a multilingual context, 239–277. London: Palgrave. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Washington, Julie, & Holly Craig. 2002. Morphosyntactic forms of African American English used by young children and their caregivers. Applied Psycholinguistics 23. 209–231. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Weerman, Fred. 2011. Diachronic change: Early versus late acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(2). 149–151. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yang, Charles. 2002. Knowledge and learning in natural language. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar