A review of bilingual education in Aboriginal Australia
Mary-Anne Gale | South Australian College of Advanced Education
This paper reviews the state of bilingual education in Aboriginal Australia today. Critical issues associated with the current bilingual debate are raised and discussed in relation to existing and past programs with evidence presented from both sides. The paper addresses the issue of Aboriginalization of schools and the positive impact this will have on bilingual education in Australia in the future. Aboriginal people themselves are now making the decisions about their own school language programs. The fate of bilingual education is, to a large extent, in their hands.
(1986) A new diglossia: Contemporary speech varieties at Yirrkala in NE Arnhem Land. MA sub-thesis, Department of Linguistics, A.N.U.
Amery, R.
In press (1991) What can (or should) you do with a dead language. VOX No. 61.
Commonwealth Education & Universities Commission
(1950) Annual Report, Sydney.
Commonwealth Education & Universities Commission
(1951) Annual Report, Sydney.
Cummins, J.
(1984) The role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students. In Schooling and language minority students: a theoretical framework. Californian State Department of Education: 3–49.
Cummins, J.
(1986) Empowering minority students: A framework for intervention. Harvard Education Review 56, 1: 18–36.
Dickinson, R.
(1987) Yiyili: An Aboriginal community school, Wikaru 141: 18–36.
Edwards, W.H.
(1969) Experience in the use of the vernacular as an introductory medium of instruction. In S. Dunn. & C. Tatz (eds) Aborigines and education Melbourne, Sun Books: 272–288.
(1976) Bilingual education: What and why? In J. Alatis & K. Twaddell (eds) English as a second language in bilingual education. Washington, TESOL: 263–272.
Fishman, J. A.
(1985) The rise and fall of the ethnic revival Berlin, Mouton.
French-Kennedy, T.
(1982) Anangu teacher education: a survey of community needs, S.A. College of Advanced Education, Adelaide.
Gale, K., D. McClay, M. Christie & S. Harris
(1981) Academic Achievement in the Milingimbi Bilingual Program. TESOL Quarterly 15, 3: 297–314.
Hanson, G.
(1979) The position of the second generation of Finnish immigrants in Sweden: the importance of education in the home language to the welfare of second generation immigrants. Paper presented at a symposium. Split, Yugoslavia.
Harris, S.
(1980) More haste less speed: Time and timing for the language programs in N.T. Aboriginal bilingual programs. The Aboriginal Child at School 81: 23–43.
(1989) The place of Aboriginal Languages in Aboriginal Education in the N.T. Keynote address to The 3rd International Convention of the Indonesian Cultural and Education Institute, Darwin.
Harris, S., B. Graham & P. Buschenhofen
(1984) Aboriginal bilingual education in the N.T.: Priorities for the 2nd decade. Paper presented at the 9th annual congress of The Applied Linguistics Association of Australia, Alice Springs.
Hart, A. M.
(1970) A History of the education of full-blood Aborigines in S.A. (Unpublished) MA thesis, Adelaide University.
Hyams, Trethawayet al.
(1988) Learning and other things: Sources for a social history of education in S.A. Adelaide, Government Printer.
Kimberley Catholic Education Language Team
(1988) Two-way learning: Language and culture in schools. Catholic Education Office, Broome, W.A.
Lambert, W.E. & G.R. Tucker
(1972) Bilingual education of children: The St. Lambert experiment. Rowley, Mass., Newbury House.
Liberman, K.
(1981) Aboriginal education: the school at Strelley, W.A.Harvard Educational Review 51,1: 139–144.
Lewis, E.
(1977) Bilingualism and bilingual education: The Ancient world to the Renaissance. In B. Spolsky & R. Cooper (eds) Frontiers of bilingual education. Rowley, Mass., Newbury House: 22–93.
Lock, A.
(1951) Travels across Australia. Melbourne, Robertson & Mullens.
McConvell, P.
In press) Understanding language shift: A step towards language maintenance. In P. McConvell ed. Can Aboriginal languages survive? to appear in S. Romaine ed. Language in Australia New York Cambridge University Press
Murtagh, E.
(1979) Creole and English used as languages of instruction with Aboriginal Australians. (Unpublished) D.Ed, thesis, Stanford University.
National Aboriginal Education Committee
(1986) Policy statement on teacher education for Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
N.T. Dept. of Education
(1986) Handbook for Aboriginal Bilingual Education in the N.T. Darwin, N.T.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. & P. Toukomaa
(1976) Teaching migrant children’s mother tongue and learning the language of the host country in the context of the socio-cultural situation of the migrant family. The Finnish National Commission For UNESCO, Helsinki.
Vorih, L. & P. Rosier
(1978) Rock Point community school: an example of a Navajo-English elementary school program. TESOL Quarterly 12,3: 263–269.
Walton, C. and W. Eggington
(eds) (1990) Language: Maintenance, power and education in Australian Aboriginal contexts. Darwin, Northern Territory University Press.
Watts, B., W. McGrath & J. Tandy
(1973) Recommendations for the implementation and development of a program of bilingual education in schools in Aboriginal communities in the N.T. Department of Education, Canberra.
2018. The positioning of Aboriginal students and their languages within Australia’s education system: A human rights perspective. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 20:1 ► pp. 174 ff.
Gale, Mary-Anne
1994. Dhangu Djorra'wuy Dhäwu: A Brief History of Writing in Aboriginal Language. The Aboriginal Child at School 22:1 ► pp. 22 ff.
Gale, Mary-Anne
1994. Dhangum Djorra'wuy Dhäwu: A Brief History of Writing in Aboriginal Languages. The Aboriginal Child at School 22:2 ► pp. 33 ff.
Harris, Stephen & Brian Devlin
1997. Bilingual Programs Involving Aboriginal Languages in Australia. In Bilingual Education, ► pp. 1 ff.
Lo Bianco, Joseph
2022. Reconceptualizing literacy for a new Australia. The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy 45:3 ► pp. 281 ff.
McKay, Graham
2017. The Policy Framework for Bilingual Education in Australian Indigenous Languages in the Northern Territory. In History of Bilingual Education in the Northern Territory [Language Policy, 12], ► pp. 85 ff.
2019. A Long Unfinished Struggle: Literacy and Indigenous Cultural and Language Rights. In Literacy Education and Indigenous Australians [Language Policy, 19], ► pp. 165 ff.
Thomas, Archie
2021. Bilingual education, Aboriginal self-determination and Yolŋu control at Shepherdson College, 1972–1983. History of Education Review 50:2 ► pp. 196 ff.
Watts, Noel
1997. Innovative Second Language Education in the South Pacific. In Encyclopedia of Language and Education, ► pp. 231 ff.
Watts, Noel
2008. Innovative Second and Foreign Language Education in the South Pacific. In Encyclopedia of Language and Education, ► pp. 1350 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 23 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.