The paper makes the following novel claims: (1) the semantics of noun–noun compounds which is activated by metaphor and/or metonymy (often termed as “exocentric” compounds in linguistics and generally regarded as semantically opaque) can be accounted for within a cognitive linguistic framework, and the term “creative compound” is proposed for such linguistic phenomena; (2) there are regular patterns of creative compounds, depending on which constituent is affected by conceptual metaphor and/or metonymy. The second part of the paper presents one type of creative compounds: noun–noun combinations whose meaning is influenced by a metaphor-based semantic relationship between the two constituents. Such compounds seem to be quite frequent in English and come in all sorts of shapes and sizes: ranging from the “simpler” cases of image metaphors to the more elaborate single scope blends. The paper will give examples of the various types and will provide detailed analyses of each, within a cognitive linguistic framework.
Miani, Alessandro, Lonneke van der Plas & Adrian Bangerter
2024. Loose and Tight: Creative Formation but Rigid Use of Nominal Compounds in Conspiracist Texts. The Journal of Creative Behavior 58:1 ► pp. 114 ff.
Vaskelienė, Jolanta
2024. Productive word-formation types of compound neologisms in the Lithuanian language. Valoda nozīme un forma / Language Meaning and Form► pp. 227 ff.
Toratani, Kiyoko
2023. How did COVID-19 impact the use of Japanese complex words withmasuku‘mask’ in 2020?. Linguistics Vanguard
Körtvélyessy, Lívia, Pavol Štekauer & Pavol Kačmár
2022. Creativity in Word Formation and Word Interpretation,
Wong, May L-Y
2021. Conceptual Blending and Slang Expressions in Hong Kong Cantonese. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 42:1 ► pp. 97 ff.
Appah, Clement K. I.
2017. Exocentric compounds in Akan. Word Structure 10:2 ► pp. 139 ff.
Bowers, Jack & Laurent Romary
2016. Deep Encoding of Etymological Information in TEI. Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative :Issue 10
최영주
2012. Semantic Comparison between English -er Nominals and Korean -i Nominals. Discourse and Cognition 19:3 ► pp. 297 ff.
최영주
2012. Metonymy and Korean Noun-Noun Compounds. English21 25:3 ► pp. 269 ff.
최영주
2013. Metonymy in American Sign Language Compounds. Discourse and Cognition 20:3 ► pp. 217 ff.
Dingfang, Shu
2009. Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics. Language and Linguistics Compass 3:1 ► pp. 314 ff.
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