The term strategy is increasingly mentioned in the interpreting literature. Individual strategies have been approached from various perspectives by a number of interpreting research scholars. Those strategies are used by interpreters to cope with cognitive constraints, interpreting mode-specific difficulties, and language- and culture-specific constraints. Given its importance, the author argues to include strategy training in interpreter education based on a synthesis of evidence from the current literature. This article firstly presents a state-of-theart review of research on the defining features of strategies and their varieties. It then validates the contribution of strategy training to interpreter education in terms of overcoming cognitive constraints, combating interpreting mode-specific constraints, coping with language- and culture-specific constraints, conforming to interpreting norms, revealing problem-solution relations in the interpreting process, highlighting novice-expert differences for pedagogical use, and leading to interpreter competence development. The article also provides a brief demonstration of how to teach strategies to trainees. Hopefully, this article can inspire interpreter trainers to recognize the importance of strategies and include strategy training in their teaching.
Al-Khanji, Raja, Said El-Shiyab, and Riyadh Hussein. 2000. “On the Use of Compensatory Strategies in Simultaneous Interpretation.” Meta 45 (3): 548–557.
An, Se-rim. 2009. “Syntactic Challenges in Simultaneous Interpreting from Korean into English and Coping Strategies.” Interpreting and Translation Studies 12 (2): 183–210.
Anderson, John R. 1995. Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications (Fourth edition). New York: Freeman.
Barik, Henri. 1971. “A Description of Various Types of Omissions, Additions and Errors Encountered in Simultaneous Interpretation.” Meta 15 (1): 199–210.
Bevilacqua, Lorenzo. 2009. “The Position of the Verb in Germanic Languages and Simultaneous Interpretation.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 141: 1–31.
Calvo Encinas, Elisa. 2001. La Evaluación Diagnóstica en la Didáctica de la Traducción Jurídica [The Diagnostic Evaluation in the Teaching of Legal Translation]. Unpublished research paper, University of Granada, Spain.
Chang, Chia-Chien. 2005. Directionality in Chinese/English Simultaneous Interpreting: Impact on Performance and Strategy Use. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
Dam, Helle V. 1993. “Text Condensing in Consecutive Interpreting.” In Translation and Knowledge, ed. by Yves Gambier and Jorma Tommola, 297–313. Finland: University of Turku.
Dam, Helle V. 1996. “Text Condensation in Consecutive Interpreting.” Hermes 171: 273–281.
Donato, Valentina. 2003. “Strategies Adopted by Student Interpreters in SI.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 121: 101–132.
Gambier, Yves. 2010. “Translation Strategies and Tactics.” In Handbook of Translation Studies (Volume 11), ed. by Yves Gambier and L. Van Doorslaer, 412–418. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Garzone, Giuliana. 2002. “Quality and Norms in Interpretation.” In Interpreting in the 21st Century, ed. by Giuliana Garzone and Maurizio Viezzi, 107–119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gile, Daniel. 1997, 2002. “Conference Interpreting as a Cognitive Management Problem.” In The Interpreting Studies Reader, ed. by Franz Pöchhacker and Miriam Shlesinger, 162–176. London: Routledge.
Gile, Daniel. 1999a. “Testing the Effort Models’ Tightrope Hypothesis in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Contribution.” Hermes 231: 153–172.
Gile, Daniel. 1999b. “Norms in Research on Conference Interpreting.” In Translation and Norms, ed. by Christina Schäffner, 98–105. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Hurtado Albir, Amparo, and Fabio Alves. 2009. “Translation as a Cognitive Activity.” In The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies, ed. by Jeremy Munday, 54–74. London: Routledge.
Kader, Stephanie, and Sabine Seubert. 2015. “Anticipation, Segmentation … Stalling? How to Teach Interpreting Strategies.” In To Know How to Suggest … Approaches to Teaching Conference Interpreting, ed. by Dörte Andres and Martina Behr, 125–144. Berlin: Frank & Timme.
Kalina, Sylvia. 1992. “Discourse Processing and Interpreting Strategies.” In Teaching Translation and Interpreting, ed. by Cay Dollerup and Annette Lindegaard, 251–257. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lederer, Marianne. 1999. “The Interpretive Theory of Translation: A Brief Survey.” Interpretation and Translation 11: 15–28.
Lee, Sohhee. 2007. “The Use of Segmentation Strategy in Sight Translation: A Pilot Study.” Conference Interpretation and Translation 9 (1): 153–172.
Lee, Migyong. 2013a. “Language Directionality and Omission as Strategy during Simultaneous Interpreting.” The Journal of Translation Studies 14 (1): 155–181.
Lee, Sohhee. 2013b. Ear-Voice Span and Syntactic Makeup of Segments in Simultaneous Interpretation of Korean and English Unscripted Speeches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.
Lim, Hyang-Ok. 2011. “Using Anticipation as a Simultaneous Interpretation Strategy.” Interpretation and Translation 13 (1): 59–87.
Liontou, Konstantina. 2011. “Strategies in German-to-Greek Simultaneous Interpreting: A Corpus-based Approach.” Gramma 191: 37–56.
Liontou, Konstantina. 2012. Anticipation in German to Greek Simultaneous Interpreting: A Corpus-based Approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Vienna.
Mead, Peter. 2000. “Control of Pauses by Trainee Interpreters in their A and B Languages.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 101: 89–102.
Moser-Mercer, Barbara. 1997. “The Expert-novice Paradigm in Interpreting Research.” In Translationsdidaktik [Translation Didactics], ed. by Eberhard Fleischmann, Wladimir Kutz, and Peter A. Schmitt, 255–261. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Oléron, Pierre, and Hubert Nanpon. 1963, 2002. “Research into Simultaneous Translation.” In The Interpreting Studies Reader, ed. by Franz Pöchhacker and Miriam Shlesinger, 42–51. London: Routledge.
Pöchhacker, Franz. 1994. “Quality Assurance in Simultaneous Interpreting.” In Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2, ed. by Cay Dollerup and Annette Lindegaard, 232–242. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2007. “Coping with Culture in Media Interpreting.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 15 (2): 123–142.
Pöchhacker, Franz. 2009. “Issues in Interpreting Studies.” In The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies, ed. by Jeremy Munday, 128–140. London: Routledge.
Pöchhacker, Franz, and Miriam Shlesinger. 2001. The Interpreting Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
Riccardi, Alessandra. 1998. “Interpreting Strategies and Creativity.” In Translators’ Strategies and Creativity, ed. by Ann Beylard Ozeroff, Jana Králová, and Barbara Moser-Mercer, 171–179. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Shlesinger, Miriam. 1999. “Norms, Strategies and Constraints: How do We Tell Them Apart?” In Anovar/Anosar: Estudios de Traduccion e Interpretacion, ed. by Alberto Álvarez Lugrís and Anxo Fernández Ocampo, 65–77. Vigo: Universidade de Vigo.
Snelling, David. 1992. Strategies for Simultaneous Interpreting. Udine: Campanotto Editore.
Stenzl, Catherine. 1983. Simultaneous Interpretation: Groundwork towards a Comprehensive Model. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of London.
Straniero Sergio, Francesco. 2003. “Norms and Quality in Media Interpreting.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 121: 135–174.
Sunnari, Marianna. 1995. “Processing Strategies in Simultaneous Interpreting.” In Topics in Interpreting Research, ed. by Jorma Tommola, 109–120. Turku: University of Turku.
Sunnari, Marianna, and Adelina Hild. 2010. “A Multi-factorial Approach to the Development and Analysis of Professional Expertise in SI.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 151: 33–49.
Viaggio, Sergio. 2002. “The Quest for Optimal Relevance.” In Interpreting in the 21st Century, ed. by Giuliana Garzone and Maurizio Viezzi, 229–244. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Viezzi, Maurizio. 1993. “Written Translation and Simultaneous Interpretation Compared and Contrasted.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 51: 94–100.
Wang, Binhua. 2012. “A Descriptive Study of Norms in Interpreting.” Meta 57 (1): 198–212.
Wilss, Wolfram. 1978. “Syntactic Anticipation in German-English Simultaneous Interpreting.” In Language Interpretation and Communication, ed. by David Gerver and H.Wallace Sinaiko, 343–352. New York: Plenum.
Wu, Michelle. 2001. “The Importance of being Strategic.” Studies of Translation and Interpretation 61: 79–92.
Zanetti, Roberta. 1999. “Relevance of Anticipation and Possible Strategies in the Simultaneous Interpretation from English into Italian.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 91: 79–98.
2022. Prediction in challenging situations: Most bilinguals can predict upcoming semantically-related words in their L1 source language when interpreting. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 25:5 ► pp. 801 ff.
Lozano-Argüelles, Cristina & Nuria Sagarra
2021. Interpreting experience enhances the use of lexical stress and syllabic structure to predict L2 word endings. Applied Psycholinguistics 42:5 ► pp. 1135 ff.
2021. Rubric-Based Self-Assessment of Chinese-English Interpreting. In Testing and Assessment of Interpreting [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 67 ff.
Lozano-Argüelles, Cristina, Nuria Sagarra & Joseph V. Casillas
2020. Slowly but surely: Interpreting facilitates L2 morphological anticipation based on suprasegmental and segmental information. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23:4 ► pp. 752 ff.
Lozano-Argüelles, Cristina, Nuria Sagarra & Joseph V. Casillas
2023. Interpreting experience and working memory effects on L1 and L2 morphological prediction. Frontiers in Language Sciences 1
Wang, Weiwei, Yi Xu, Binhua Wang & Lei Mu
2020. Developing Interpreting Competence Scales in China. Frontiers in Psychology 11
Chen, Jing, Rongrui Yu & Xiao Zhao
2019. Interpreting Training in China: Practice and Research. In Translation Studies in China [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 87 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.