Although the distinction between verb-preposition combinations (e.g., They fought over the money) and
prima facie similar transitive verb-particle combinations (e.g., They handed over the
money) is well known, some grammarians have taken the view that particles are in fact a sort of prepositions all
the same, namely, intransitive ones. While this view is not faulty in itself, I do not subscribe to any of three related
claims, namely (i) that directional particles and full directional PPs have the same syntactic distribution, (ii) that
directional particles are shortened versions of full PPs, and (iii) that the use of a directional particle only differs from
the use of a formally related full directional PP in leaving the reference object (i.e., the ‘landmark’ in Cognitive Grammar
terms) understood. I argue that, since even directional particles can be quite different from their
prepositional counterparts, it follows that we should consider all particles as a class distinct from
prepositions.
2022. Functional Transposition of After from a Diachronic Perspective. Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture 12 ► pp. 66 ff.
DiDonato Brumbach, Andrea C. & Lisa Goffman
2014. Interaction of Language Processing and Motor Skill in Children With Specific Language Impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57:1 ► pp. 158 ff.
Col, Gilles
2010. Des relations fonctionnelles des unités linguistiques aux relations instructionnelles. Corela :HS-7
[no author supplied]
2009. Bibliographie. In L’emploi préverbal des prépositions en français [Champs linguistiques, ], ► pp. 169 ff.
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