Article outline

• 1.Introduction
• 1.1Theoretical frameworks of learning and cognition
  • 1.1.1Nature: Symbolic/ modular approaches
  • 1.1.2Nurture: Connectionist/ emergentist approaches
  • 1.1.3Nature and nurture: Hybrid approaches
• 1.2Central themes and research questions
  • 1.2.1Age and experience: Types of bilingualism and lifelong learning
  • 1.2.2Resources and parameters of investigation
• 1.3The mind and its formation
  • 1.3.1Cognition, memory and learning
  • 1.3.2Architecture of the brain
• 1.4Age-sensitive development
  • 1.4.1Neuroanatomical development
  • 1.4.2Sensitive periods and the Critical Period Hypothesis
• 1.5Conclusion