Part of
Bilingualism through the Prism of Psycholinguistics: In honour of Albert CostaEdited by Mikel Santesteban, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia and Cristina Baus
[Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 17] 2023
► pp. 130–158
Edited by Mikel Santesteban, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia and Cristina Baus
[Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 17] 2023
► pp. 130–158
Chapter 4Bilingualism and language control
From neurolinguistics to neuropsychology
The field of neuropsychology can contribute to
bilingualism research from a multidisciplinary perspective that
ranges from psycholinguistics and brain imaging studies. While the
psycholinguistic approach provides the outlook on linguistic
processes in experimental study of patients with brain damage,
neural models define the underlying brain areas of such processes
and help to predict language deficits in said patients. Current
neural models of bilingualism do not provide accurate predictions of
deficits in bilinguals with brain damage since they have not been
tested in a systematic way. However, they do offer a roadmap for the
underlying cognitive and linguistic processes of bilingual language
control and speech production. In this chapter, I propose how a
neurolinguistic approach to bilingualism might be implemented in
neuropsychology by including: (a) the application of traditional
methods of cognitive (neuro)psychology to the field of bilingualism,
such as dissociations, (b) the use of psycholinguistic methods, and
(c) how neurodegenerative diseases may be a neuropsychological
paradigm in which one can study bilingual language processes.
Article outline
- The neural pathways of the bilingual language control network
- How can neuropsychology contribute to bilingualism research?
- Language control and basal ganglia
- Speech production and brain damage: Future directions
- Conclusions
-
References
References
Abutalebi, J., Annoni, J. M., Zimine, I., Pegna, A. J., Seghier, M. L., Lee-Jahnke, H., … & Khateb, A.
(2008) Language
control and lexical competition in bilinguals: An
event-related fMRI
study. Cerebral
Cortex,
18
(7), 1496–1505. 
Abutalebi, J., Della
Rosa, P. A., Green, D. W., Hernandez, M., Scifo, P., Keim, R., … & Costa, A.
(2012) Bilingualism
tunes the anterior cingulate cortex for conflict
monitoring. Cerebral
Cortex,
22
(9), 2076–2086.
Abutalebi, J., Della
Rosa, P. A., Castro
Gonzaga, A. K., Keim, R., Costa, A., & Perani, D.
(2013) The
role of the left putamen in multilingual language
production. Brain and
Language,
125
, 307–315.
Abutalebi, J., Della
Rosa, P. A., Tettamanti, M., Green, D. W., & Cappa, S. F.
(2009) Bilingual
aphasia and language control: A follow-up fMRI and intrinsic
connectivity study. Brain and
Language,
109
(2–3), 141–156.
Abutalebi, J., & Green, D. W.
(2008) Control
mechanisms in bilingual language production: Neural evidence
from language switching
studies. Language and
Cognitive
Processes,
23
(4), 557–582.
(2007) Bilingual
language production: The neurocognition of language
representation and
control. Journal of
Neurolinguistics,
20
(3), 242–275.
(2016) Neuroimaging
of language control in bilinguals: neural adaptation and
reserve. Bilingualism:
Language and
Cognition,
19
(4), 689–698.
Abutalebi, J., Miozzo, M., & Cappa, S. F.
(2000) Do
subcortical structures control ‘language selection’ in
polyglots? Evidence from pathological language
mixing. Neurocase,
6
, 51–56.
Aglioti, S., Beltramello, A., Girardi, F., & Fabbro, F.
(1996) Neurolinguistic
and follow-up study of an unusual pattern of recovery from
bilingual subcortical
aphasia. Brain: A Journal of
Neurology,
119
, 1551–1564.
Aglioti, S., & Fabbro, F.
(1993) Paradoxical
selective recovery in a bilingual aphasic following
subcortical
lesions. NeuroReport,
4
, 1359–1362.
Ansaldo, A. I., & Saidi, L. G.
(2014) Aphasia
therapy in the age of globalization: Cross-linguistic
therapy effects in bilingual
aphasia. Behavioural
Neurology, 2014, Article ID
603085.
Ansaldo, A. I., Saidi, L. G., & Ruiz, A.
(2010) Model-driven
intervention in bilingual aphasia: Evidence from a case of
pathological language
mixing. Aphasiology,
24
, 309–324.
Aron, A. R., Schlaghecken, F., Fletcher, P. C., Bullmore, E. T., Eimer, M., Barker, R., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W.
(2003) Inhibition
of subliminally primed responses is mediated by the caudate
and thalamus: Evidence from functional MRI and Huntington’s
disease. Brain,
126
(3), 713–723.
Baake, V., Reijntjes, R. H. A. M., Dumas, E. M., Thompson, J. C., & Roos, R. A. C.
(2017) Cognitive
decline in Huntington’s disease expansion gene
carriers. Cortex,
95
, 51–62.
Barbeau, E. B., Chai, X. J., Chen, J. K., Soles, J., Berken, J., Baum, S., … & Klein, D.
(2017) The
role of the left inferior parietal lobule in second language
learning: An intensive language training fMRI
study. Neuropsychologia,
98
, 169–176.
Binder, J. R., & Desai, R. H.
(2011) The
neurobiology of semantic
memory. Trends in Cognitive
Sciences,
15
(11), 527–536.
Blanco-Elorrieta, E., & Caramazza, A.
(2021) A
common selection mechanism at each linguistic level in
bilingual and monolingual language
production. Cognition, 104625.
Blanco-Elorrieta, E., & Pylkkänen, L.
(2017) Bilingual
language switching in the laboratory versus in the wild: The
spatiotemporal dynamics of adaptive language
control. Journal of
Neuroscience,
37
(37), 9022–9036.
Borsa, V. M., Perani, D., Della
Rosa, P. A., Videsott, G., Guidi, L., Weekes, B. S., … & Abutalebi, J.
(2018) Bilingualism
and healthy aging: Aging effects and neural
maintenance. Neuropsychologia,
111
, 51–61.
Braak, H., Del
Tredici, K., Rüb, U., De
Vos, R. A., Steur, E. N. J., & Braak, E.
(2003) Staging
of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s
disease. Neurobiology of
Aging,
24
(2), 197–211.
Branzi, F. M., Calabria, M., & Costa, A.
(2018) Cross-linguistic/bilingual
language
production. In S. A. Rueschemeyer & M.
Gareth Gaskell (Eds.), The
Oxford handbook of
psycholinguistics (2nd
edn, pp. 463–483). Oxford University Press.
Branzi, F. M., Della
Rosa, P. A., Canini, M., Costa, A., & Abutalebi, J.
(2016) Language
control in bilinguals: Monitoring and response
selection. Cerebral
Cortex,
26
(6), 2367–2380.
Braver, T. S.
(2012) The
variable nature of cognitive control: A dual mechanisms
framework. Trends in
cognitive
Sciences,
16
(2), 106–113.
Calabria, M., Baus, C., & Costa, A.
(2019a) Cross-talk
between language and executive
control. In J. W. Schwieter & M. Paradis (Eds.), The
handbook of the neuroscience of
multilingualism (pp. 447–466). John Wiley & Sons.
Calabria, M., Costa, A., Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J.
(2018) Neural
basis of bilingual language
control. Annals of the New
York Academy of
Sciences,
1426
(1), 221–35.
Calabria, M., Grunden, N., Iaia, F., & García-Sánchez, C.
(2020) Interference
and facilitation in phonological encoding: Two sides of the
same coin? Evidence from bilingual
aphasia. Journal of
Neurolinguistics,
56
, 100935.
Calabria, M., Grunden, N., Serra, M., García-Sánchez, C., & Costa, A.
(2019b) Semantic
processing in bilingual aphasia: Evidence of language
dependency. Frontiers in
Human
Neuroscience,
13
, 205.
Calabria, M., Jefferies, E., Sala, I., Morenas-Rodríguez, E., Illán-Gala, I., Montal, V., Fortea, J., Lleó, A. & Costa, A.
(2021a) Multilingualism
in semantic dementia: Language-dependent lexical retrieval
from degraded conceptual
representations, Aphasiology,
35
(2), 240–266.
Calabria, M., Marne, P., Romero-Pinel, L., Juncadella, M., & Costa, A.
(2014) Losing
control of your languages: A case
study. Cognitive
Neuropsychology,
31
, 266–286.
Calabria, M., Pérez, J. P., Martínez-Horta, S., Horta-Barba, A., Carceller, M., Kulisevsky, J., & Costa, A.
(2021b) Language
reconfiguration in bilinguals: A study with Huntington’s
disease patients. Linguistic
Approaches to
Bilingualism,
11
(4), 459–483.
Caramazza, A.
(1986) On
drawing inferences about the structure of normal cognitive
systems from the analysis of patterns of impaired
performance: The case for single-patient
studies. Brain and
cognition,
5
(1), 41–66.
(1992) Is
cognitive neuropsychology
possible? Journal of
Cognitive
Neuroscience,
4
(1), 80–95.
Caramazza, A., & Coltheart, M.
(2006) Cognitive
neuropsychology twenty years
on. Cognitive
Neuropsychology,
23
(1), 3–12.
Carter, C. S., Botvinick, M. M., & Cohen, J. D.
(1999) The
contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to executive
processes in
cognition. Reviews in the
Neurosciences,
10
(1), 49–58.
Cattaneo, G., Costa, A., Gironell, A., & Calabria, M.
(2020) On
the specificity of bilingual language control: A study with
Parkinson’s disease
patients. Bilingualism:
Language and
Cognition,
23
(3), 570–578.
Cattaneo, G., Calabria, M., Marne, P., Gironell, A., Abutalebi, J., & Costa, A.
(2015) The
role of executive control in bilingual language production:
A study with Parkinson’s disease
individuals. Neuropsychologia,
66
, 99–110.
Coltheart, M.
(2010) Lessons
from cognitive neuropsychology for cognitive science: A
reply to Patterson and Plaut
(2009). Topics in Cognitive
Science,
2
(1), 3–11.
(2013) How
can functional neuroimaging inform cognitive
theories? Perspectives on
Psychological
Science,
8
(1), 98–103.
Coltheart, M., Sartori, G., & Job, R.
(Eds.) (1987) The
cognitive neuropsychology of
language. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Costa, A. S., Jokel, R., Villarejo, A., Llamas-Velasco, S., Domoto-Reiley, K., Wojtala, J., … & Machado, Á.
(2019) Bilingualism
in primary progressive aphasia: A retrospective study on
clinical and language
characteristics. Alzheimer
Disease and Associated
Disorders,
33
(1), 47.
Costa, A., & Santesteban, M.
(2004) Lexical
access in bilingual speech production: Evidence from
language switching in highly proficient bilinguals and L2
learners. Journal of memory
and
Language,
50
(4), 491–511.
Costumero, V., Marin-Marin, L., Calabria, M., Belloch, V., Escudero, J., Baquero, M., … & Ávila, C.
(2020) A
cross-sectional and longitudinal study on the protective
effect of bilingualism against dementia using brain atrophy
and cognitive
measures. Alzheimer’s
Research &
Therapy,
12
(1), 1–10.
Crinion, J., Turner, R., Grogan, A., Hanakawa, T., Noppeney, U., Devlin, J. T., … & Price, C. J.
(2006) Language
control in the bilingual
brain. Science,
312
(5779), 1537–1540.
Dash, T., & Kar, B. R.
(2014) Bilingual
language control and general purpose cognitive control among
individuals with bilingual aphasia: Evidence based on
negative priming and flanker
tasks. Behavioural Neurology,
2014.
Davies, M.
(2010) Double
dissociation: Understanding its role in cognitive
neuropsychology. Mind &
Language,
25
(5), 500–540.
De
Baene, W., Duyck, W., Brass, M., & Carreiras, M.
(2015) Brain
circuit for cognitive control is shared by task and language
switching. Journal of
Cognitive
Neuroscience,
27
(9), 1752–1765.
de
Bruin, A., Roelofs, A., Dijkstra, T., & FitzPatrick, I.
(2014) Domain-general
inhibition areas of the brain are involved in language
switching: FMRI evidence from trilingual
speakers. NeuroImage,
90
, 348–359.
de
Bruin, A., Samuel, A. G., & Duñabeitia, J. A.
(2018) Voluntary
language switching: When and why do bilinguals switch
between their
languages? Journal of Memory
and
Language,
103
, 28–43.
(2020) Examining
bilingual language switching across the lifespan in cued and
voluntary switching
contexts. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance,
46
(8), 759–788.
Declerck, M.
(2020) What
about proactive language
control? Psychonomic Bulletin
&
Review,
27
(1), 24–35.
Declerck, M., & Philipp, A. M.
(2015) A
review of control processes and their locus in language
switching. Psychonomic
Bulletin &
Review,
22
(6), 1630–1645.
Della
Rosa, P. A., Videsott, G., Borsa, V. M., Canini, M., Weekes, B. S., Franceschini, R., & Abutalebi, J.
(2013) A
neural interactive location for multilingual
talent. Cortex,
49
(2), 605–608.
Druks, J., & Weekes, B. S.
(2013) Parallel
deterioration to language processing in a bilingual
speaker. Cognitive
Neuropsychology,
30
(7–8), 578–596.
Ellajosyula, R., Narayanan, J., & Patterson, K.
(2020) Striking
loss of second language in bilingual patients with semantic
dementia. Journal of
Neurology,
267
(2), 551–560.
Fabbro, F.
(2001) The
bilingual brain: Bilingual
aphasia. Brain and
Language,
79
(2), 201–210.
Fabbro, F., Skrap, M., & Aglioti, S.
(2000) Pathological
switching between languages after frontal lesions in a
bilingual patient. Journal of
Neurology, Neurosurgery, and
Psychiatry,
68
, 650–652.
Faroqi-Shah, Y., Frymark, T., Mullen, R., & Wang, B.
(2010) Effect
of treatment for bilingual individuals with aphasia: A
systematic review of the
evidence. Journal of
Neurolinguistics,
23
(4), 319–341.
Faroqi-Shah, Y., Sampson, M., Pranger, M., & Baughman, S.
(2018) Cognitive
control, word retrieval and bilingual aphasia: Is there a
relationship? Journal of
Neurolinguistics,
45
, 95–109.
Filippi, R., Periche
Tomas, E., Papageorgiou, A., & Bright, P.
(2020) A
role for the cerebellum in the control of verbal
interference: Comparison of bilingual and monolingual
adults. PloS
One,
15
(4), e0231288.
Filley, C. M., Ramsberger, G., Menn, L., Wu, J., Reid, B. Y., & Reid, A. L.
(2006) Primary
progressive aphasia in a bilingual
woman. Neurocase,
12
(5), 296–299.
Garbin, G., Costa, A., Sanjuan, A., Forn, C., Rodriguez-Pujadas, A., Ventura, N. E. E. A., … & Ávila, C.
(2011) Neural
bases of language switching in high and early proficient
bilinguals. Brain and
Language,
119
(3), 129–135.
García-Caballero, A., García-Lado, I., González-Hermida, J. et al.
(2007) Paradoxical
recovery in a bilingual patient with aphasia after right
capsuloputaminal
infarction. Journal of
Neurology, Neurosurgery, and
Psychiatry,
78
, 89–91.
Goldrick, M., Runnqvist, E., & Costa, A.
(2014) Language
switching makes pronunciation less
nativelike. Psychological
Science,
25
(4), 1031–1036.
Gollan, T. H., Li, C., Stasenko, A., & Salmon, D. P.
(2020) Intact
reversed language-dominance but exaggerated cognate effects
in reading aloud of language switches in bilingual
Alzheimer’s
disease. Neuropsychology,
34
(1), 88.
Gollan, T. H., Stasenko, A., Li, C., & Salmon, D. P.
(2017) Bilingual
language intrusions and other speech errors in Alzheimer’s
disease. Brain and
Cognition,
118
, 27–44.
Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Hillis, A. E., Weintraub, S., Kertesz, A., Mendez, M., Cappa, S. F., … & Grossman, M.
(2011) Classification
of primary progressive aphasia and its
variants. Neurology,
76
(11), 1006–1014.
Gray, T.
(2020) The
relationship between language control, semantic control and
nonverbal control. Behavioral
Sciences,
10
(11), 169.
Gray, T., & Kiran, S.
(2016) The
relationship between language control and cognitive control
in bilingual
aphasia. Bilingualism,
19
(3), 433.
Green, D. W.
(2018a) Language
control and
code-switching. Languages,
3
(2), 8.
(2008b) Bilingual
aphasia: Adapted language networks and their
control. Annual Review of
Applied
Linguistics,
28
(1), 25–48.
Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J.
(2008) Understanding
the link between bilingual aphasia and language
control. Journal of
Neurolinguistics,
21
(6), 558–576.
(2013) Language
control in bilinguals: The adaptive control
hypothesis. Journal of
Cognitive
Psychology,
25
(5), 515–530.
Grunden, N., Piazza, G., García-Sánchez, C., & Calabria, M.
(2020) Voluntary
language switching in the context of bilingual
aphasia. Behavioral
Sciences,
10
(9), 141.
Hernández, M., Caño, A., Costa, A., Sebastián-Gallés, N., Juncadella, M., & Gascón-Bayarri, J.
(2008) Grammatical
category-specific deficits in bilingual
aphasia. Brain and
Language,
107
(1), 68–80.
Hervais-Adelman, A. G., Moser-Mercer, B., & Golestani, N.
(2011) Executive
control of language in the bilingual brain: Integrating the
evidence from neuroimaging to
neuropsychology. Frontiers in
Psychology,
2
, 234.
Hickok, G.
(2009) The
functional neuroanatomy of
language. Physics of Life
Reviews,
6
(3), 121–143.
Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D.
(2007) The
cortical organization of speech
processing. Nature Reviews
Neuroscience,
8
(5), 393–402.
Hodges, J. R., & Patterson, K.
(2007) Semantic
dementia: A unique clinicopathological
syndrome. The Lancet
Neurology,
6
(11), 1004–1014.
Hughes, J. W., & Schnur, T. T.
(2017) Facilitation
and interference in naming: A consequence of the same
learning
process? Cognition, 165, 61–72.
Indefrey, P.
(2006) A
meta-analysis of hemodynamic studies on first and second
language processing: Which suggested differences can we
trust and what do they
mean?. Language
Learning,
56
, 279–304.
Jefferies, E.
(2013) The
neural basis of semantic cognition: Converging evidence from
neuropsychology, neuroimaging and
TMS. Cortex,
49
(3), 611–625.
Jefferies, E., & Lambon
Ralph, M. A.
(2006) Semantic
impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A
case-series
comparison. Brain,
129
(8), 2132–2147.
Jevtović, M., Duñabeitia, J. A., & de
Bruin, A.
(2020) How
do bilinguals switch between languages in different
interactional contexts? A comparison between voluntary and
mandatory language
switching. Bilingualism:
Language and
Cognition,
23
(2), 401–413.
Johnson, E. B., & Gregory, S.
(2019) Huntington’s
disease: Brain imaging in Huntington’s
disease. Progress in
Molecular Biology and Translational
Science,
165
, 321–369.
Karpathiou, N., Papatriantafyllou, J., & Kambanaros, M.
(2018) Bilingualism
in a case of the non-fluent/agrammatic variant of primary
progressive
aphasia. Frontiers in
Communication,
3
, 52.
Kong, A. P. H., Abutalebi, J., Lam, K. S. Y., Weekes, B.
(2014) Executive
and language control in the multilingual
brain. Behavioural
Neurology, 527951.
Kuzmina, E., Goral, M., Norvik, M., & Weekes, B. S.
(2019) What
influences language impairment in bilingual aphasia? A
meta-analytic
review. Frontiers in
Psychology,
10
, 445.
Laine, M., & Martin, N.
(2012) Cognitive
neuropsychology has been, is, and will be significant to
aphasiology. Aphasiology,
26
(11), 1362–1376.
Leemann, B., Laganaro, M., Schwitter, V., Schnider, A.
(2007) Paradoxical
switching to a barely-mastered second language by an aphasic
patient. Neurocase,
13
, 209–213.
Lehtonen, M., Laine, M., Niemi, J., Thomson, T., Vorobyev, V. A., & Hughdal, K.
(2005) Brain
correlates of sentence translation in Finnish-Norwegian
bilinguals. NeuroReport,
16
, 607–610.
Lemiere, J., Decruyenaere, M., Evers-Kiebooms, G., Vandenbussche, E., & Dom, R.
(2004) Cognitive
changes in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD) and
asymptomatic carriers of the HD
mutation. Journal of
Neurology,
251
(8), 935–942.
Liu, H., & Cao, F.
(2016) L1
and L2 processing in the bilingual brain: A meta-analysis of
neuroimaging studies. Brain
and
Language,
159
, 60–73.
Lorenzen, B., & Murray, L. L.
(2008) Bilingual
aphasia: a theoretical and clinical
review. American Journal of
Speech and Language
Pathology, 17, 299–317.
Luk, G., Green, D. W., Abutalebi, J., & Grady, C.
(2012) Cognitive
control for language switching in bilinguals: A quantitative
meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging
studies. Language and
Cognitive
Processes,
27
(10), 1479–1488.
Ma, F., Li, S., & Guo, T.
(2016) Reactive
and proactive control in bilingual word production: An
investigation of influential
factors. Journal of Memory
and
Language,
86
, 35–59.
Mariën, P., Abutalebi, J., Engelborghs, S., & De
Deyn, P. P.
(2005) Pathophysiology
of language switching and mixing in an early bilingual child
with subcortical
aphasia. Neurocase: Case
Studies in Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Behavioural
Neurology,
11
, 385–398.
Matchin, W., & Hickok, G.
(2020) The
cortical organization of
syntax. Cerebral
Cortex,
30
(3), 1481–1498.
Maurage, P., Heeren, A., Lahaye, M., Jeanjean, A., Guettat, L., Verellen-Dumoulin, C., Halkin, S., Billieux, J., & Constant, E.
(2017) Attentional
impairments in Huntington’s Disease: A specific deficit for
the executive
conflict. Neuropsychology,
31
(4), 424–436.
Mechelli, A., Crinion, J. T., Noppeney, U., O’Doherty, J., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S., & Price, C. J.
(2004) Structural
plasticity in the bilingual
brain. Nature,
431
(7010), 757–757.
Mosca, M., & Clahsen, H.
(2016) Examining
language switching in bilinguals: The role of preparation
time. Bilingualism,
19
(2), 415–424.
Mouthon, M., Khateb, A., Lazeyras, F., Pegna, A., Lee-Jahnke, H., Lehr, C., & Annoni, J.
(2020) Second-language
proficiency modulates the brain language control network in
bilingual translators: An event-related fMRI
study. Bilingualism: Language
and
Cognition,
23
(2), 251–264.
Paradis, M.
(1977) Bilingualism
and
aphasia. In Studies
in
neurolinguistics (pp. 65–121). Academic Press.
(1997) The
cognitive neuropsychology of
bilingualism. In A. M. B.
de Groot & J. F. Kroll (Eds.), Tutorials
in bilingualism: Psycholinguistic
perspectives (pp. 331–354). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(2001) Bilingual
and polyglot
aphasia. Elsevier Science.
(2008) Bilingualism
and neuropsychiatric
disorders. Journal of
Neurolinguistics,
21
(3), 199–230.
Pearce, J. M.
(2005) A
note on aphasia in bilingual patients: Pitres’ and Ribot’s
laws. European
Neurology,
54
(3), 127–131.
Peñaloza, C., & Kiran, S.
(2019) Recovery
and rehabilitation patterns in bilingual and multilingual
aphasia. In J. W. Schwieter & M. Paradis (Eds.), The
handbook of the neuroscience of
multilingualism (pp. 553–571). John Wiley & Sons.
Perani, D., Paulesu, E., Galles, N. S., Dupoux, E., Dehaene, S., Bettinardi, V., … & Mehler, J.
(1998) The
bilingual brain. Proficiency and age of acquisition of the
second language. Brain: A
Journal of
Neurology,
121
(10), 1841–1852.
Plaut, D. C., & Patterson, K.
(2010) Beyond
functional architecture in cognitive neuropsychology: A
reply to Coltheart
(2010). Topics in Cognitive
Science,
2
(1), 12–14.
Pliatsikas, C., Johnstone, T., & Marinis, T.
(2014) Grey
matter volume in the cerebellum is related to the processing
of grammatical rules in a second language: A structural
voxel-based morphometry
study. The
Cerebellum,
13
(1), 55–63.
Poeppel, D., & Hickok, G.
(2004) Towards
a new functional anatomy of
language. Cognition,
92
, 1–12.
Price, C. J.
(2010) The
anatomy of language: a review of 100 fMRI studies published
in 2009. Annals of the New
York Academy of
Sciences,
1191
(1), 62–88.
Ralph, M. A. L., Jefferies, E., Patterson, K., & Rogers, T. T.
(2017) The
neural and computational bases of semantic
cognition. Nature Reviews
Neuroscience,
18
(1), 42.
Rapp, B.
(2015) Handbook
of cognitive neuropsychology: What deficits reveal about the
human mind. Psychology Press.
Ross, C. A., Aylward, E. H., Wild, E. J., Langbehn, D. R., Long, J. D., Warner, J. H., … & Tabrizi, S. J.
(2014) Huntington
disease: Natural history, biomarkers and prospects for
therapeutics. Nature Reviews
Neurology,
10
(4), 204.
Schnur, T. T., Schwartz, M. F., Brecher, A., & Hodgson, C.
(2006) Semantic
interference during blocked-cyclic naming: Evidence from
aphasia. Journal of Memory
and
Language,
54
(2), 199–227.
Schnur, T. T., Schwartz, M. F., Kimberg, D. Y., Hirshorn, E., Coslett, H. B., & Thompson-Schill, S. L.
(2009) Localizing
interference during naming: Convergent neuroimaging and
neuropsychological evidence for the function of Broca’s
area. Proceedings of the
National Academy of
Sciences,
106
(1), 322–327.
Seo, R., & Prat, C. S.
(2019) Proactive and reactive language control in the bilingual
brain. Brain
Sciences,
9
(7), 161.
Seo, R., Stocco, A., & Prat, C. S.
(2018) The
bilingual language network: Differential involvement of
anterior cingulate, basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex in
preparation, monitoring, and
execution. NeuroImage,
174
, 44–56.
Sierpowska, J., Fernandez-Coello, A., Gomez-Andres, A., Camins, À., Castaner, S., Juncadella, M., … & Rodríguez-Fornells, A.
(2018) Involvement
of the middle frontal gyrus in language switching as
revealed by electrical stimulation mapping and functional
magnetic resonance imaging in bilingual brain tumor
patients. Cortex,
99
, 78–92.
Sierpowska, J., Gabarrós, A., Ripollés, P., Juncadella, M., Castañer, S., Camins, Á., … & Rodríguez-Fornells, A.
(2013) Intraoperative
electrical stimulation of language switching in two
bilingual
patients. Neuropsychologia,
51
(13), 2882–2892.
Simões, S., Rodrigues, M., Soares-Fernandes, J., & Machado, Á.
(2009) The
Portuguese who could no longer speak French: Primary
progressive aphasia (PPA) in a bilingual
man. European
Psychiatry,
24
(S1), 1–1.
Skodda, S., Grönheit, W., Lukas, C., Bellenberg, B., von
Hein, S. M., Hoffmann, R., & Saft, C.
(2016) Two
different phenomena in basic motor speech performance in
premanifest Huntington’s
disease. Neurology,
86
(14), 1329–1335.
Stocco, A., Yamasaki, B., Natalenko, R., & Prat, C. S.
(2014) Bilingual
brain training: A neurobiological framework of how bilingual
experience improves executive
function. International
Journal of
Bilingualism,
18
(1), 67–92.
Sulpizio, S., Del
Maschio, N., Fedeli, D., & Abutalebi, J.
(2020) Bilingual
language processing: A meta-analysis of functional
neuroimaging
studies. Neuroscience &
Biobehavioral
Reviews,
108
, 834–853.
Thompson, J. C., Poliakoff, E., Sollom, A. C., Howard, E., Craufurd, D., & Snowden, J. S.
(2010) Automaticity
and attention in Huntington’s disease: When two hands are
not better than
one. Neuropsychologia,
48
(1), 171–178.
Ullman, M. T.
(2001) A
neurocognitive perspective on language: The
declarative/procedural
model. Nature Reviews
Neuroscience,
2
(10), 717–726.
Vaidya, A. R., Pujara, M. S., Petrides, M., Murray, E. A., & Fellows, L. K.
(2019) Lesion
studies in contemporary
neuroscience. Trends in
Cognitive
Sciences,
23
(8), 653–671.
Wang, M., Shao, Z., Chen, Y., & Schiller, N. O.
(2018) Neural
correlates of spoken word production in semantic and
phonological blocked cyclic
naming. Language, Cognition
and
Neuroscience,
33
(5), 575–586.
Zanini, S., Angeli, V., & Tavano, A.
(2011) Primary
progressive aphasia in a bilingual speaker: a single-case
study. Clinical Linguistics
&
Phonetics,
25
(6–7), 553–564.
Zanini, S., Tavano, A., & Fabbro, F.
(2010) Spontaneous
language production in bilingual Parkinson’s disease
patients: Evidence of greater phonological, morphological
and syntactic impairments in native
language. Brain and
Language,
113
(2), 84–89.
Zanini, S., Tavano, A., Vorano, L., Schiavo, F., Gigli, G. L., Aglioti, S. M., & Fabbro, F.
(2004) Greater
syntactic impairments in native language in bilingual
Parkinsonian
patients. Journal of
Neurology, Neurosurgery &
Psychiatry,
75
(12), 1678–1681.