General Index

• access119, 128, 128n1, 129, 147, 208, 210, 221, 236, 240, 280
  • non-selective120–121, 123, 128–129, 147, 210, 212, 221
  • selective120, 123, 147, 210, 221
  • UG128n1

• acquisition by processing theory (APT)43, 44–45, 63, 92–93, 173, 215

• activation3, 8, 37–40, 41–43, 44–45, 52–53, 61, 78, 109, 131, 133–137, 152–153, 176, 237; see also activation level, spreading activation

• activation level145–146
  • current38–39, 55, 113, 136, 138–140, 142–143, 145–146, 155, 186–187, 196, 211, 212, 221, 231, 236, 238, 242, 249, 257, 260, 262, 265, 267–268, 273, 278, 282
  • resting42, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 64, 72–73, 90, 94, 103, 108, 113–114, 119, 136, 140, 145–146, 155, 157, 173, 178, 183, 186, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 202, 205, 210, 211, 213–215, 218, 221–222, 225, 228, 231–232, 253, 262, 265, 268, 272, 280

• affective structures (AfS)47, 49–50, 86, 87, 92–93, 97, 98, 99, 132–133, 143n3, 151–152, 161–163, 185, 195, 200, 240, 247,-248, 259, 263, 279

• AfSsee affective structures

• agency129, 258; see also agent

• agent125–129, 208, 252, 280

• alien215

• ALIENsee alien

• alpha oscillations135, 301

• amygdala86–87, 132, 135, 156

• !anger!163, 203–204

• anxiety50, 163, 193, 195, 201–203

• appraisal34, 47–48, 87, 94, 161

• APTsee acquisition by processing theory

• architecture9, 13, 16–17, 23, 24–25, 28–29, 31, 33, 37, 44, 46, 52–53, 62, 69, 71–76, 88, 101, 105–107, 108, 117–119, 122–124, 149, 152, 182, 187, 220, 242, 282–283

• attrition4, 23, 45–46, 97–98, 113–114

• autobiographical memory55, 71, 279

• automatic68, 87, 130–131, 139, 141, 176, 180, 183, 186–190, 193–194, 197–198, 211, 222, 230, 247, 253–255, 266, 268, 272

• awareness4, 12, 14, 26, 38, 53, 62, 84, 105, 124, 161, 176, 182, 186, 225, 237, 242–243, 257, 257n1, 258–265, 268, 269, 271–273, 282

• beta oscillations135

• bottom-up12, 76, 137, 142–143, 151, 170, 182, 184, 186, 190, 193, 249, 262

• central executive127–128, 131, 280

• cingulate132–133, 171, 236, 237
  • anterior132, 171
  see also frontoparieto-cingulate

• cognitive level133, 137, 209

• coindexing35, 36, 41–43, 94, 96, 146, 157–158, 162–163, 195, 202, 229

• competesee competition

• competition3–4, 39, 44–45, 52–53, 71, 103–104, 113–115, 129, 139–140, 143, 146, 163, 170, 177, 184–186, 193–194, 196, 201, 210, 214–215, 221, 229, 236, 248, 249–250, 267, 280

• conceptual structures (CS)20, 26, 30, 32, 34–35, 35n5, 36, 40–41, 41n6, 44–45, 47–48, 48n9, 49–50, 51, 53, 55, 58–59, 64–65, 72–74, 81–84, 89–92, 94, 98–99, 104, 107–115, 118–120, 122, 132–133-134, 138–139, 141–148, 151–159, 161–164, 166–167, 177, 187, 188, 190–191, 210–212, 224–226, 241–242, 257–259, 265–269, 269n4, 276

• cross-language118, 148, 214; see also crosslinguistic

• crosslinguistic4, 78, 97, 123, 147, 174, 209, 210, 214–216; see also cross-language

• CSsee conceptual structures

• current activation levelsee activation level, current

• current levelsee activation level, current

• decision-making65, 86, 156, 162, 236, 259

• desired state89, 92, 111, 157

• discourse14, 55, 56n1, 57, 67, 69–71, 75, 141, 271

• dominant goal177, 180–181, 184, 189–190, 207, 230, 248, 251, 254–255, 272

• dominant language15, 45, 196, 198–199, 214–215, 220, 225

• dorsal29, 84, 93, 171

• dorsomedial109

• dynamical system13, 16, 57, 62

• embodiment76–77

• emergentist13, 16, 20, 28, 44

• episodic memory38, 67, 76, 110, 118, 279

• evolution28, 47, 61, 276, 282

• evolutionary psychologists107

• executive control11, 125, 131, 149, 164, 166, 188, 199, 219, 243–244; see also executive function

• executive function11, 15, 17, 121, 125, 131, 153, 165–166, 200; see also executive control

• experiencersee self, as experiencer

• external context1, 5–6, 10, 47, 55–56, 65, 71, 144, 151–153, 192, 262, 277

• !fear!50, 162

• frequency46, 72, 119, 134, 221
  • external vs. internal46

• frontoparietal133, 135, 236

• frontoparieto-cingulate133, 236

• gamma oscillations78, 133–135

• global working memorysee working memory, global

• GWMsee working memory, global

• HAPPY190, 191

• heterarchy12–13, 36, 60, 125, 129, 149, 150, 155, 166, 171, 171n6, 207–208, 280–281, 283

• hippocampus29, 132

• index41, 42, 45, 113, 114, 140, 157, 195, 222, 229, 263; see also coindexing

• innate11, 28, 89, 98, 99, 102–103, 110, 163

• interface24, 29–30, 32–35, 35n4, 35n5, 39–41, 43–47, 52, 58, 98, 103–104, 104n3, 105, 107–108, 116, 137, 148, 277

• interference between languages137, 165n5, 212, 221

• interpreting199, 200, 223, 270–272

• L2 selfsee self, second language

• language faculty32, 33n2, 44, 62, 66, 76, 101–102, 265, 283

• language identification65, 121, 223–225

• language tag123, 170

• lateral prefrontal cortex50, 84, 93, 132, 152

• life regulation89, 248

• linguistic modules33, 34, 36–37, 44, 47, 51, 73, 76, 98, 116, 134, 142–143, 145–148, 152, 155, 162, 210, 231, 242, 245–246, 268

• linguistics4–6, 17–19, 56n1, 62, 70–71, 108n4, 110n6, 116, 275

• long-term memory (LTM)38–39, 76, 125, 127, 133, 143, 227

• !love!201

• LTMsee long-term memory

• ME91–92, 99, 279

• memory store27, 37–40, 42, 105, 224, 246, 275

• message10, 12, 44n8, 98, 115, 154, 163–164, 179–180, 189–191, 194, 200, 227–229, 242, 252, 265, 272, 278–279

• metalinguistic4, 26, 101, 105, 107, 111, 114–115, 122, 124, 187–188, 191, 216, 225, 257, 264–266, 267–270, 273

• modality74, 108, 137, 143

• monolingual mode211

• morphosyntactic structure76

• MoSsee motor structures

• motivation18, 50, 70, 87, 89, 95, 97–99, 132, 170, 223

• motor9, 30, 33n2, 34, 43, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58, 77, 83, 97, 108, 115, 117, 137, 138, 161, 171, 186, 190, 201, 265

• motor structures (MoS)33n2, 43, 49, 77, 138, 139

• multiple selvessee self, multiple

• !neg!see value, negative

• neural level18, 75, 78, 108, 134, 137, 170, 209

• node3, 58, 60, 71, 117, 120–121, 170, 172

• orbitomedial132, 133

• oscillationsee alpha oscillations, beta oscillations, gamma oscillations, theta oscillations

• parietal109, 132–133, 135, 167, 171, 237

• perception6, 8, 44, 48, 72, 77, 79, 87, 93, 111, 121, 142, 143n3, 144, 179, 205, 227, 236–237, 261, 269

• perceptual output structures (POpS)30, 38, 137, 143, 148, 176, 184, 186, 237, 238, 242–243, 246–247, 260, 272

• PFCsee prefrontal

• phonetic10, 35

• phonetics35

• phonological loop127, 244

• phonological structures (PS)20, 24, 32–33, 33n2, 35, 35n5, 36–37, 39, 45–47, 51, 53, 58, 72, 106, 118–119, 134, 145–148, 225, 243–245, 265–269, 276, 280

• phonology9, 32, 33–34, 52, 102, 104–106, 111–116, 214, 269

• picture naming170, 217–218

• POpSsee perceptual output structures

• !pos!see value, positive

• posterior109–110, 132–133, 135

• pragmatic14, 34–36, 55, 56n1, 59, 68, 70–71, 76, 124, 157, 269–270, 288

• pragmatics36, 56n1, 70–72, 74, 270

• prefrontal78, 84, 86, 93, 109–110, 132–133, 135, 152, 162, 167, 171, 236, 280

• preparation time212

• processor23, 29–30, 33, 36–37, 52, 75, 84, 102–103, 110, 132–133, 138–140, 156, 166–167, 178–179, 231, 275, 277

• proficiency26, 64, 114, 119, 121, 196, 210–211, 214, 221, 245–247

• PSsee phonological structures

• real time1, 18, 25, 32

• relevance6, 56, 62, 68, 70, 76n5, 98, 171, 245

• resting activation levelsee activation level, resting

• resting levelsee activation level, resting

• RLAsee activation level, resting

• schema26–27, 48, 50, 52, 57–58, 58n2, 59–67, 83–84, 98, 115–117, 135–136, 170, 203, 223–224, 225, 230

• script67

• SEEK49, 49n10, 83, 83n1, 83n2, 84, 89–90, 92, 98, 138n2, 143, 152, 157, 198, 205–206, 278

• *SEEK*49, 83, 83n1, 83n2, 84, 89–90, 92, 98, 138n2, 143, 152, 157, 198, 205–206, 278

• selection28, 39, 45, 64, 109, 120, 128, 129, 141, 155, 162, 171, 173–174, 236–237, 280

• self49–51, 88–97, 278–279
  • affective50, 92–95, 99, 200–202, 258, 279
  • as experiencer93, 99, 279
  • autobiographical90
  • conceptual90–91, 99, 137
  • feared92, 99
  • goal-based50, 89–90, 92, 95–96, 99, 150, 175–178, 180–183, 185–186, 189–194, 198, 200, 202, 203–204, 206–207, 217, 230–231, 248–252, 255, 258, 267, 278
  • hoped for92, 99
  • meta-self50, 51, 90–92, 94–96, 98–99, 158, 161, 175, 176, 178–179, 180, 202–205, 230, 251, 276, 279
  • multiple94, 96–97, 181–182
  • ought-to92, 95, 99, 204–206, 279
  • possible91, 95, 279
  • protoself93
  • second language95, 96–97, 176, 204–206
  • working90

• self-image89, 94, 161

• semantic3, 14, 32, 34, 36, 38, 56n1, 67, 72–74, 76–77, 104–105, 108, 108n4, 109, 109n5, 110, 110n6, 112n7, 118, 121, 124, 143, 148, 269, 279

• semantic hub108, 143

• semantics36, 66, 72–74, 77, 211

• sign language2, 12, 33, 47, 104n3, 105, 115–117, 223, 225

• situational context6, 15, 41, 53, 55–58, 61, 64–65, 70, 73, 74–76, 225, 277

• sociolinguistic5, 57, 223, 277

• sociolinguistics55

• somatic marker156, 162

• spatial metaphor42

• spatial structures (SpS)31, 59

• spreading activation16, 44, 49, 120, 148, 153–154, 173, 177, 214, 184, 190–192, 204, 209, 213–214, 217, 241, 248

• SpSsee spatial structures

• SSsee syntactic structures

• state-based theories131

• subgoal83–84, 98–99, 139, 154, 177, 179, 183–184, 186, 189, 200, 249, 250, 254–255, 263, 272–273, 278

• symbolic representation3, 16, 44, 121

• synchronization38, 60, 78, 132–135, 142–143, 176–177, 182, 184–187, 230, 237–245, 258, 260

• syntactic structures (SS)32–36, 39, 45–47, 51, 53, 102–106, 134, 145–148, 211–212, 215, 231–232, 244–245, 265–269, 269n4, 276

• temporal19, 25

• temporal lobe29, 108–109, 132

• Theory of Mind68, 109

• theta oscillations78, 134

• top-down12, 76, 130, 142, 152, 248

• translating119, 270–272, 273n6

• translation118–119, 170, 257, 270–273

• value7–8, 27, 31, 47–48, 48n9, 59–60, 71, 82, 85, 89–90, 130, 133, 141, 150, 153, 155–160, 185–186, 195, 197, 228–229, 236, 243–244, 247–249, 259, 263, 279
  • negative30, 47, 83n3, 86–87, 95, 98, 139, 143, 156, 157–162, 165, 192–193, 218–219, 228, 232, 248, 249, 251, 255, 259, 261, 262–263, 273
  • positive30, 47, 49, 65–66, 71, 84–87, 95, 98, 139, 143, 156–161, 201, 218–219, 228–229, 246n4, 250–251, 261, 263, 267, 273

• ventromedial162

• visuospatial sketchpad127

• volition126, 128–131, 150, 181–182, 189–190, 207–208, 230, 248, 251–252, 255, 268, 278

• voluntary180–182, 191, 197–198, 207–208, 219

• working memory (WM)38–39, 42–45, 52, 103–104, 127, 131, 136, 200, 238–247, 259–261, 272, 277, 282
  • global (GWM)62, 135, 238,-239, 259, 260
  • local38, 238–239, 259

• working memory capacity (WMC)239, 242–246, 246n4, 247

• WMsee working memory

• WMCsee working memory capacity