Chapter 1
Figure 1.1The external and interpreted worlds
5
Figure 1.2Internal context
7
Figure 1.3Three levels of description
19
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1Representing ‘apple’ (a fragment)
27
Figure 2.2The perceptual portal
31
Figure 2.3The ‘inner’ modules
31
Figure 2.4The core language system
32
Figure 2.5Connections of the linguistic modules
34
Figure 2.6Working memory in MCF
43
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1External and internal context
56
Figure 3.2Schema partners
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Figure 3.3Schema nodes
60
Figure 3.4English version of a schema
65
Figure 3.5French version of a schema
66
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1A basic example of a goal representation: Seeking a cheesecake
83
Figure 4.2The meta-self
91
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1A sign language schema (adapted from Sharwood Smith, 2017b,
p. 119)
116
Figure 5.2Concepts and lexicons in the MHM (adapted from Pavlenko, 2009b)
122
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1The executive controller?
126
Figure 6.2Some structures involved in the choice of eating or avoiding a cheesecake
144
Figure 6.3Competition based on activation levels
146
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1The typical status of the two languages in the meta-self of a heritage speaker
158
Figure 7.2A heritage speaker who rejects the heritage language
159
Figure 7.3Contextual influences on construction of a message representation
164
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1The influence of internal context with a dominant goal in the goal-based self
177
Figure 8.2Contextual influences on construction of a message representation, with a dominant goal in the goal-based self
189
Figure 8.3Active language representations help to determine which language is used
190
Figure 8.4Outside-in context helps to determine which language is used
192
Figure 8.5The learner values the idea of being a good L2 reader but does not consider him/herself to be one
205
Figure 8.6*SEEK* is combined with the representation of the perceived lack of L2 reading ability, forming a goal of becoming a
good L2 reader
206
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1Two routes in speech production
266
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1The MCF mind: The generator of internal context
275